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              <text>Macedo Dias, E. E. (2026). [&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.63330/aurumpub.031-011"&gt;The history of EMDR&lt;/a&gt;]. In Perspectives without borders: Multidisciplinary scientific studies (1st ed., pp. 156-167). Arum Editora. https://doi.org/10.63330/aurumpub.031-012. Portuguese</text>
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                <text>A Terapia de Dessensibilização e Reprocessamento por Meio dos Movimentos Oculares (EMDR) é o tema central deste trabalho, que teve como objetivo compreender sua trajetória histórica, desde sua origem empírica com Francine Shapiro até sua consolidação como uma prática psicoterapêutica baseada em evidências, reconhecida internacionalmente. O estudo buscou analisar o desenvolvimento do EMDR em três frentes principais: a origem da técnica, o desenvolvimento inicial e a posterior ampliação de sua aplicação clínica para além do tratamento do Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT), incluindo transtornos como ansiedade, depressão, fobias, luto complicado e traumas complexos. Para isso, utilizou-se uma metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa, com caráter descritivo e exploratório, fundamentada em levantamento bibliográfico. Foram analisadas obras de referência da criadora da técnica, estudos clínicos, revisões sistemáticas, diretrizes internacionais de saúde mental e publicações de especialistas na área, como Maxfield, Korn, Solomon e Shapiro. O trabalho apresentou, na primeira parte, a contextualização teórica do EMDR, explicando seus fundamentos no modelo de Processamento Adaptativo da Informação (PAI). Em seguida, discutiu-se o processo de sistematização do protocolo terapêutico em oito fases, que permitiu à técnica um status de intervenção estruturada e padronizada. Posteriormente, foi abordada a expansão de sua aplicação clínica para diferentes condições psicológicas, com destaque para evidências empíricas que sustentam sua eficácia. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que o EMDR se estabeleceu como uma abordagem terapêutica integrativa, capaz de promover alívio sintomático, reestruturação cognitiva e melhora funcional em indivíduos com diferentes quadros de sofrimento psíquico. Conclui-se que o EMDR representa um avanço significativo na psicoterapia contemporânea, tanto por sua base científica sólida quanto por seu potencial de adaptação a diferentes contextos clínicos. O estudo também aponta para a necessidade de mais pesquisas em populações específicas e para o fortalecimento da formação de profissionais devidamente capacitados na técnica, a fim de garantir sua aplicação ética e segura. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy is the central theme of this work, which aimed to understand its historical trajectory, from its empirical origin with Francine Shapiro to its consolidation as an evidence-based psychotherapeutic practice, recognized internationally. The study sought to analyze the development of EMDR in three main areas: the origin of the technique, the initial development, and the subsequent expansion of its clinical application beyond the treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), including disorders such as anxiety, depression, phobias, complicated grief, and complex trauma. To do so, a qualitative research methodology was used, with a descriptive and exploratory character, based on a bibliographic survey. Reference works by the creator of the technique, clinical studies, systematic reviews, international mental health guidelines, and publications by specialists were analyzed in the field, such as Maxfield, Korn, Solomon, and Shapiro. The work presented, in the first part, the theoretical contextualization of EMDR, explaining its foundations in the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model. Next, the process of systematizing the therapeutic protocol into eight phases was discussed, which allowed the technique to achieve the status of a structured and standardized intervention. Subsequently, the expansion of its clinical application to different psychological conditions was addressed, highlighting empirical evidence supporting its efficacy. The research results demonstrate that EMDR has established itself as an integrative therapeutic approach, capable of promoting symptomatic relief, cognitive restructuring, and functional improvement in individuals with different forms of psychological distress. It is concluded that EMDR represents a significant advance in contemporary psychotherapy, both for its solid scientific basis and for its potential to adapt to different clinical contexts.</text>
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                <text>In Perspectives without borders: Multidisciplinary scientific studies (1st ed., pp. 156-167). Arum Editora. https://doi.org/10.63330/aurumpub.031-012. Portuguese</text>
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              <text>Jarrell, R. (2025, March). &lt;a href="https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7682&amp;amp;context=doctoral"&gt;Pastoral counselors and the implementation of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.&lt;/a&gt; (Doctoral dissertation, Liberty Theological Seminary)</text>
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                <text>The problem is that since EMDR is not practiced at CCC, it decreases the quality of care and extends the number of counseling sessions. If Christian Counseling Center’s counselors use Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing psychotherapy for trauma clients, then an increase in counseling quality will be demonstrated by decreased sessions. The study also sought to reveal EMDR's value to clients’ counseling sessions, given that CBT is the standard therapeutic approach in pastoral counseling settings. Qualitative methods included journaling, questionnaires, and focus groups. Two pastoral counselors completed the necessary training and adhered to EMDR procedures while treating eleven clients using only the EMDR technique. The results indicated that EMDR was beneficial for clients with one-channel trauma. One client required fewer than six sessions, two required more than six sessions, and eight required six sessions. The counselors acknowledged that using EMDR was advantageous not only for the clients but also for themselves. The sessions were fewer, which allowed the clients a faster healing time. By implementing the treatment, the clients could expeditiously eliminate the traumatic effects. Pastoral counselors and their clients would benefit significantly from training and applying the knowledge.</text>
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              <text>Hase, M., Brisch, K. H., Solomon, R. M., &amp;amp; Hase, A. (2025, March). &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1519665"&gt;The therapeutic relationship in EMDR therapy—A survey.&lt;/a&gt; Frontiers in Psychology, 16. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1519665</text>
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                <text>The history of EMDR therapy goes back to 1987, when it was introduced as EMD, a novel treatment for PTSD by Francine Shapiro. Over the course of time EMD developed into the comprehensive therapy approach named EMDR therapy. The development of the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) Model, the model of pathogenesis and change of EMDR therapy, was a milestone in this development from technique to psychotherapy approach. Lately a description of the therapeutic relationship in EMDR therapy has been proposed based on attachment theory. The therapeutic relationship has been described as a core element of EMDR Therapy, and seems to be related to the structure of EMDR Therapy. An internet-based survey of EMDR therapists in several waves was used to evaluate whether EMDR therapists support the above mentioned description of the therapeutic relationship in EMDR therapy. The self-experience of the EMDR therapists in EMDR therapy as elicited in the survey seems to support the description of the therapeutic relationship in EMDR therapy. Even if the survey was only conducted with EMDR therapists, thus limiting the informative value on the patient population in general, it offers valuable insights into the therapeutic relationship in EMDR Therapy. Implications for treatment, training and research will be discussed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Note: This article is part of the Research Topic - Present and Future of EMDR in Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Volume III (2025).&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>In recent years, several theoretical models have been suggested as complementary to the adaptative information processing model of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy. A narrative review of such models was conducted to assess the contributions of each, as well as their convergences, contradictions, and potential complementarity. Seven theoretical models were identified. All focus on the effects of EMDR therapy as a comprehensive psychotherapy approach with its principles, procedures, and protocols. Several refer to concepts related to propositional or predictive processing theories. Overall, the contribution of these proposals does appear to bolster Shapiro's original AIP model, potentially offering additional depth and breadth to case conceptualization and treatment planning in clinical practice, as well as a more precise theoretical understanding. The current exploratory comparative analysis may serve as a preliminary baseline to guide research into the relative merit of suggested theoretical proposals to enhance current standards for the clinical practice and teaching of EMDR therapy.</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1374274</text>
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              <text>Iracane, M., &amp;amp; Moreau, N. (2022). [Psychotrauma, neurological conditions and implementation of the adaptive information processing process (AIP)]. In Tarquinio, C., Zimmermann, E., Brennstuhl M.-J., Ludwig, C., Dellucci, D., Iracane-Cost, M., Piedfort-Marin, O., Rydberg. J. A., Silvestre, M., &amp;amp; Tarquinio, P. (Eds.), &lt;a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Pratique-psychoth%C3%A9rapie-EMDR-2e-%C3%A9d/dp/210080801X/ref=sr_1_1?__mk_fr_FR=%C3%85M%C3%85%C5%BD%C3%95%C3%91&amp;amp;crid=1GYYSL04W1O4Q&amp;amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.gQqdVscFCpV_f6zYOZHXFSpqehNBUM58sXk5lWT6XYQbwtZ88js0AFOlSA4nB-JUrAYr3ZopdNnUL23W94qNVeYtb0m2zF7YYGt5RWn4Lvur9xMYKzf6MULh5jlBxeIfuqSbLOp8JpXwN4MSMqHgM-zfRKkdLVYr9LE836k5UH9CVQL9O3h9rQK358PB8p9Pg6cfNePpRm7ZaBd7ZgNR9xH5u7vUs530k0eKeHu556vfN0qBITOjVIEEpv5atDzC0233gZhvU9LNGMRFsHnbsvR8icUtILf9oX-GjJ2RSkk.79BCm-STDXhZRVdOc39q2tYFOlgLoPH-uf5q6ez6css&amp;amp;dib_tag=se&amp;amp;keywords=Pratique+de+la+psychoth%C3%A9rapie+EMDR&amp;amp;qid=1709814009&amp;amp;sprefix=pratique+de+la+psychoth%C3%A9rapie+emdr%2Caps%2C161&amp;amp;sr=8-1"&gt;Pratique de la psychothérapie EMDR, 2nd Edition&lt;/a&gt; (pp. 775-786). Paris: Dunod. French</text>
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Noémie Moreau</text>
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                <text>Psychotraumatismes, affections neurologiques et mise en œuvre du processus du traitement adaptatif de l’information (PTAI) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Psychotrauma, neurological conditions and implementation of the adaptive information processing process (AIP)</text>
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                <text>Il existe des liens complexes de causalité et/ou de corrélation entre la question du stress perçu et vécu, le psychotraumatisme et l’occurrence d’affections neurologiques. Le stress, mécanisme psychophysiologique adaptatif, peut dans certaines circonstances négatives produire des effets délétères sur les structures cérébrales (Turner et al., 2020) : stress aigu ou chronique, stress post-traumatique, entraînent des bouleversements et des réaménagements complexes de l’équilibre neurophysiologique et biochimique du cerveau (voir chapitre 3). Quelques résultats d’études font émerger des liens de corrélation entre le stress pathologique et/ou post-traumatique et des troubles neurologiques. Des études établissent des liens entre TSPT et risques d’AVC ou AIT. Par le biais des dérégulations neurohormonales des axes du stress, le cumul de stress lié aux événements de vie négatifs devient un facteur de risque d’AVC (Chen et al., 2015) y compris chez des patients jeunes (Rosman et al., 2019). Certains auteurs ont établi que – outre l’augmentation des risques cardiovasculaires – la survenue d’AVC et AIT est plus fréquente si les sujets présentent de hauts niveaux de symptômes anxieux (Lambiase et al., 2014). Ce constat invite à renforcer la piste préventive de la survenue de ces accidents neurologiques brutaux par repérage et traitement précoce des troubles anxieux. Concernant la survenue de troubles neurodégénératifs, plusieurs études rapportent une corrélation entre stress élevé et constant durant la vie et risque de survenue de démence (Charle…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are complex links of causality and/or correlation between the issue of perceived and experienced stress, psychotrauma and the occurrence of neurological conditions. Stress, an adaptive psychophysiological mechanism, can in certain negative circumstances produce deleterious effects on brain structures (Turner et al., 2020): acute or chronic stress, post-traumatic stress, lead to upheavals and complex rearrangements of balance neurophysiological and biochemical of the brain (see chapter 3). Some study results reveal correlation links between pathological and/or post-traumatic stress and neurological disorders. Studies establish links between PTSD and risk of stroke or TIA. Through neurohormonal dysregulation of stress axes, the accumulation of stress linked to negative life events becomes a risk factor for stroke (Chen et al., 2015) including in young patients (Rosman et al., 2019 ). Some authors have established that – in addition to the increase in cardiovascular risks – the occurrence of stroke and TIA is more frequent if subjects present high levels of anxiety symptoms (Lambiase et al., 2014). This observation calls for strengthening the preventive approach to the occurrence of these brutal neurological accidents by identifying and early treatment of anxiety disorders. Concerning the occurrence of neurodegenerative disorders, several studies report a correlation between high and constant stress throughout life and the risk of developing dementia (Charle…</text>
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                <text>In Tarquinio, C., Zimmermann, E., Brennstuhl M.-J., Ludwig, C., Dellucci, D., Iracane-Cost, M., Piedfort-Marin, O., Rydberg. J. A., Silvestre, M., &amp;amp; Tarquinio, P. (Eds.), Pratique de la psychothérapie EMDR (pp. 775-786). Paris: Dunod</text>
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              <text>Helen P. A. Driessen&lt;br /&gt;Sid Morsink&lt;br /&gt;Jan J. V. Busschbach&lt;br /&gt;Witte J. G. Hoogendijk&lt;br /&gt;Leonieke W. Kranenburg</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4495140"&gt;https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4495140&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Driessen, H. P. A., Morsink, S., Busschbach, J., Hoogendijk, W. J. G., &amp;amp; Kranenburg, L. W. (2023). &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4495140"&gt;Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment in the medical setting: A systematic review.&lt;/a&gt; THELANCET-D-23-03420.  doi:10.2139/ssrn.4495140</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Background&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This systematic literature review aims to evaluate the use and effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in adult patients treated in the medical setting.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We performed a systematic literature search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, following the PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if the effectiveness of EMDR was assessed in adult patients treated in a medical setting. Excluded were patients exclusively suffering from a mental health disorder, without somatic comorbidity. A risk of bias analysis was performed. This review was specified in advance and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022325238).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;89 studies are included and categorized in 14 medical domains: pain, oncology, neurology, obstetrics, otorhinolaryngology, rheumatology, cardiology, gynecology, dentistry, dermatology, pulmonary medicine, internal medicine, nephrology, and intensive care unit. In addition, three studies focusing on persistent physical complaints were included. Most frequently used outcomes were anxiety, depression, PTSD symptoms, and pain. These outcomes were assessed by study-specific and validated outcome measures. EMDR was found to be adequate in reducing symptoms in nearly all studies included (87/89). Only two studies, within the field of gynecology, reported either no beneficial effects or that the beneficial effects did not remain over time. Notably, the occurrence of adverse events was rarely mentioned. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Interpretation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;EMDR seems to have a beneficial effect on improving psychological and physical symptoms, including anxiety, PTSD, and pain, in adults treated in a medical setting. Most evidence exists for its application in the fields of oncology, pain, and neurology. The average treatment duration was relatively short, which further improves applicability in the medical setting.</text>
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                <text>THELANCET-D-23-03420.  doi:10.2139/ssrn.4495140</text>
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                <text>As part of their role celebrants elicit information from the couple to be able to&#13;
build a ceremony which reflects them and their love. Many people struggle to&#13;
access the words to express themselves. This presentation describes how the&#13;
AIP model can be used to weave through the couple’s story to enhance positive&#13;
memories and build a sense of a new future.</text>
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              <text>Kristen Hamling</text>
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                <text>The New Zealand Health and Safety at Work Act ( recognises that every workplace must include reasonably practicable steps to protect health and prevent harm at work, including psychological harm 1 Despite the OH&amp;amp;S legislative requirements, many modern workplaces do not understand how to identify and manage psychosocial risks to prevent psychological har m 2 In this presentation, Kristen will demonstrate how the Adaptive Information Processing ( model was used to treat trauma within a workplace and change how the workplace viewed psychosocial risk. The case involves an employee who found a beloved co worker dead in her home, which triggered an earlier unprocessed memory for the employee. Following the AIP model, Kristen will demonstrate how the employee’s unprocessed traumatic memories led to maladaptive beliefs about responsibility, safety and control. The employee s beliefs resulted in behaviours in the workplace which ultimately led to significant disciplinary actions taken against the employe e. The disciplinary actions ultimately resulted in significant additional trauma for the employee. Kristen will explain how EMDR treatment ( enabled the employee to re process the traumatic memories and make significant changes in her life, and ( enab led the workplace to understand how to identify and prevent psychosocial risk in other situations. Kristen will argue why workplace wellbeing initiatives would benefit from being delivered in line with the AIP model.</text>
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                <text>The Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing or the EMDR approach, developed by F. Shapiro has been considered one of the most effective treatment options for PTSD. This mini review conceptualises the theoretical underpinnings of the effectiveness of EMDR with respect to PTSD as well for Substance Use Disorders (SUD), while looking into the neural correlates of the both these conditions. The Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) theory proposed by Shapiro herself views pathology as a product of maladaptive processing of information leading to its storage in a maladaptive form, which manifests outwardly as reliving a traumatic experience. Another theory that explains process of EMDR is the REM hypothesis, which posits that the bilateral stimulation arising out of the eye movements triggers the process of memory consolidation that is very much similar to the memory consolidation that occurs during REM sleep. Additionally, there is evidence showing promising findings for EMDR as a approach to treat SUDs. However, EMDR as a therapeutic approach works most efficiently when there are underlying traumatic reasons, such as intrusive memories, for the substance use.</text>
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              <text>Dominguez, S. K. (2023, July). EMDR therapy as a tansdiagnostic psychotherapy. &lt;a href="In%20D.%20Farrell,%20S.%20Schubert,%20and%20M.%20D.%20Kiernan%20(Eds.),"&gt;In Farrell, D., Schubert, S., and Kiernan, M. D. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="In%20D.%20Farrell,%20S.%20Schubert,%20and%20M.%20D.%20Kiernan%20(Eds.),"&gt;(Eds.),&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192898357.013.18"&gt;The Oxford handbook of EMDR&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (pp. C18P1–C18S7). Oxford Academic</text>
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                <text>Within mental health, there is a shift from a diagnosis-based system to a transdiagnostic model. In this chapter, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is proposed as a transdiagnostic intervention that can overcome challenges in the current system. A transdiagnostic model requires a unified protocol with a theoretical base applicable across psychopathologies. Adverse experiences, maladaptive cognitions, and emotional dysregulation are key etiological and maintaining factors across all mental health conditions. Accordingly, evidence suggests that EMDR therapy is an effective transdiagnostic approach, as it directly addresses these predisposing and perpetuating factors. As a transdiagnostic psychotherapy, EMDR therapy is further supported by evidence of the effective application to various populations across the life span, beyond posttraumatic stress disorder. This broader adoption could improve the prognosis for a wide range of individuals. Research investigating modifications needed for specific population groups, and the application for other health problems outside of mental health, are suggested.</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;In D. Farrell, S. Schubert, and M. D. Kiernan (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of EMDR&lt;/span&gt; (pp. &lt;span&gt;C18P1–C18S7&lt;/span&gt;). Oxford Academic</text>
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                <text>This multisite clinical trial had two objectives: 1) to evaluate the effectiveness, efficacy, and safety of the Acute Stress Syndrome Stabilization Individual (ASSYST-I) treatment intervention in reducing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety symptoms in the adult general population with pathogenic memories over three months old, and 2) to explore the correlation coefficient between the PCL-5 total 20 items score and the PCL-5 PTSD Cluster B five intrusion symptoms score with the anxiety and depression variables. A total of 43 adults (39 females and 4 males) met the inclusion criteria and participated in the study. Participants’ ages ranged from 20 to 78 years old (M =47.34 years). Repeated-measures ANOVA were carried out to observe the effect of the intervention on the variables across three time points (Time 1 pretreatment, Time 2 post-treatment and Time 3 follow-up). Results showed significant effects of the ASSYST-I on PTSD symptoms, (F (2, 84), 76.17, p= .001, η2 =.645, β-1=1) ; Intrusion symptoms (F (2, 84), 27.53, p= .000, η2 =.360, β-1=1); Anxiety, (F (2, 84), 28.99, p= .000, η2 =.500, β-1=1) and Depression, (F (2, 84), 14.71, p= .000, η2 =.239, β-1=.99). A positive relationship on Times 2 and 3 between the PCL-5 intrusion symptoms and the anxiety and depression symptoms was also found. Findings provide evidence of the effectiveness, efficacy, and safety of the ASSYST-I in reducing posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms in the general adult population with non-recent pathogenic memories</text>
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                <text>Since the introduction of EMD by Dr. Shapiro in 1987, which led to the development of EMDR Therapy, clinical experiences and research contributed to a variety of protocols and procedures. While this dynamic evolution within EMDR Therapy is offering more options to treat a variety of patients suffering from various disorders, there is a greater risk of deviations from the core framework of this approach that would no longer be understood as EMDR Therapy. While research shows that following Shapiro’s standard protocols and procedural steps is important to achieve positive treatment effects, it seems prudent to define the core elements in EMDR Therapy beyond adherence to the standard protocol given the complexity of clinical demands in a variety of treatment contexts. The author proposes that best practices requires not only an adherence to the fidelity of the model, but a willingness to adapt the model in order to best meet the needs of our clients in a variety of clinical contexts. Defining the core elements that constitute EMDR Therapy offers both a structure that has been well established and offers a foundation from which clinical adaptations can be made that are within the realm of what is widely accepted as EMDR Therapy. Such a structure could also be used to define research as well as clinical applications. Additionally EMDR Therapy as a comprehensive psychotherapy approach implies that the therapeutic relationship is an important component and should be considered a core element of this methodology.</text>
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              <text>Hase, M. (2021, November). &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejtd.2021.100224"&gt;Instant resource installation and extensive resource installation - Two novel techniques for resource installation in EMDR therapy - Theory, description and case report.&lt;/a&gt; European Journal of Trauma &amp;amp; Dissociation, 5(4), 1000224. doi:10.1016/j.ejtd.2021.100224</text>
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                <text>In recent years, resource installation has turned into an important procedure in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR). Research has provided preliminary evidence regarding the neurophysiological signature of EMDR therapy resource installation. Even if a variety of resource installation procedures have been described, there is a variety of clients with different needs. Especially clients with attachment deficits or attachment disorder and in general complex client could profit from innovation in resource installation. Additional strategies for the enhancement of resource memory networks could enrich the EMDR therapy procedural toolbox. Two novel resource installation procedures, Instant Resource Installation (IRI) and Extensive Resource Installation (xtRI) are introduced and discussed. Two case examples document the clinical use of these novel EMDR resource enhancement procedures.</text>
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              <text>Brurit Laub &lt;br /&gt;Nomi Weiner&lt;br /&gt;Sheila S. Bender</text>
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              <text>Laub, B., Weiner, N., &amp;amp; Bender, S. S. (2020). [A dialectical perspective on the adaptive information processing model and EMDR therapy]. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 14(1), E13-E25. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.14.1.E13. French</text>
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                <text>Point de vue dialectique sur le modèle du traitement adaptatif de l'information et sur la thérapie EMDR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A dialectical perspective on the adaptive information processing model and EMDR therapy</text>
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                <text>Cet article propose un point de vue dialectique sur le modèle du traitement adaptatif de l’information (TAI) de Shapiro (1995, 2001), avec une application à la thérapie EMDR (désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires). Les principes dialectiques peuvent contribuer à une compréhension plus détaillée de la manière dont le système TAI fonctionne et offrir de nouvelles lignes directrices thérapeutiques. Notre perspective dialectique est fondée sur deux propositions: La première dit que le mouvement du système TAI vers l’intégration se compose de deux mouvements dialectiques, l’un horizontal et l’autre vertical. Le mouvement horizontal a lieu entre divers opposés, comme le danger par rapport à la sécurité, la dépendance par rapport à l’indépendance, une mauvaise opinion de soi par rapport à une bonne opinion de soi. Le mouvement vertical, lui, concerne les mouvements tout/partie, dans lesquels un tout devient une partie du tout supérieur suivant. Le flux synergique de ces deux mouvements dialectiques est représenté sous la forme d’une spirale du système TAI. La deuxième proposition suggère que le système TAI fonctionne par cycles de différenciation et de liaison. Ces cycles découpent en morceaux le réseau mnésique condensé et fragmenté, ce qui permet l’apparition de nouveaux liens. Nous évoquons également les rapports de la différenciation et de la liaison avec l’accordage dialectique et avec l’attention double en pleine conscience. À l’aide de vignettes cliniques, nous montrons comment cette perspective peut fournir au thérapeute EMDR une carte du traitement associatif du patient, améliorer son accordage thérapeutique et favoriser des tissages cognitifs dialectiques efficaces lorsque le traitement se bloque.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This article proposes a dialectical perspective on the adaptive information processing (AIP) model (F. Shapiro, 1995, 2001) with application to eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. Dialectical principles may contribute to a more detailed understanding of the way the AIP system works as well as adding new therapeutic guidelines. Our dialectical perspective is based on 2 propositions. The first is that the movement of the AIP system toward integration consists of 2 dialectical movements: horizontal and vertical. The horizontal movement is between various opposites of the individual such as danger versus safety, dependence versus independence, worthlessness versus self-worth. The vertical movement relates to whole/part shifts in which a whole becomes a part of the next higher whole. The synergetic flow of both dialectical movements is depicted as a spiral of the AIP system. The second proposition suggests that the AIP system operates through cycles of differentiation and linking. These cycles separate the condensed and fragmented memory network into parts, enabling new links to occur. Differentiation and linking are also discussed in relation to dialectical attunement and mindful dual awareness. Using clinical vignettes, we illustrate how this perspective can supply the EMDR therapist a map of the client's associative processing, enhance attuned therapeutic presence, and promote effective dialectical interweaves when processing is stuck.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="436616">
                <text>Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 14(1), E13-E25. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.14.1.E13</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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              <text>Dworkin, M. (2017). AIP and the intersubjective: Implications for practice and training in EMDR - Part one. International Journal of Complementary &amp;amp; Alternative Medicine, 10(3), 00336. doi: 10.15406/ijcam.2017.10.00336</text>
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                <text>dimension to AIP and memory networks both adaptive and dysfunctional. This dimension begins through early interactional patterns between caretaker and infant, and has been linked to the patterns of interaction between client and clinician. The mirror neuron system, elaborates the inter subjectivity of these networks. AIP, guides EMDR practice, and sets the groundwork with a memory network/information processing framework which allows an elaboration of this inter subjective matrix. This elaborated framework suggests the need to expand instructions to clinicians to include their activated memory networks as intrinsic to the inter subjective matrix in EMDR. An explication of these issues within this framework can allow clinicians a greater understanding of their role in the therapeutic process, and suggests ways clinicians can best self monitor and make needed adjustments to expedite their clients’ progress.</text>
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              <text>Ines Santos</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Document #</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="434982">
              <text>07638</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.13.3.221"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.13.3.221&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Santos, I. (2019). &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.13.3.221"&gt;EMDR case formulation tool.&lt;/a&gt; Journal of Research and Practice, 13(3), 221-231. doi:/10.1891/1933-3196.13.3.221</text>
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                <text>This article describes a diagrammatic clinical tool to be used when formulating cases in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. Based on the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model, the EMDR Case Formulation Tool is a way of illustrating psychological difficulties, mapping out the relationships between six key elements: unprocessed traumatic experiences, triggers, intrusions, negative beliefs, and symptoms, as well as resilience. From the diagrammatic formulation, a narrative formulation can be developed. The case formulation tool can be shared with the client, used to guide treatment planning, in supervision, and in case consultations. The use of the tool is explained and its clinical applications demonstrated with case examples.</text>
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                <text>Journal of Research and Practice, 13(3), 221-231. doi:/10.1891/1933-3196.13.3.221</text>
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              <text>Walter Lupo</text>
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                <text>El EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) es un enfoque psicoterapéutico que consta de ocho fases, que tiene un conjunto de procedimientos específicos centrados en el procesamiento asociativo espontáneo de los recuerdos traumáticos, con un componente de estimulación bilateral (movimientos oculares, auditivos o táctiles). El marco teórico es el procesamiento adaptativo de la información (PAI). Plantea la existencia de un sistema fisiológico innato de aprendizaje, que permite al cerebro procesar la información de las experiencias e integrarlas de una forma adaptativa en las redes de memoria, y que constituyen la base de nuestros pensamientos, emociones, actitudes y conductas. En sus inicios, se aplicó en el tratamiento del trastorno de estrés postraumático, desarrollos posteriores ampliaron su uso, adquiriendo importancia el abordaje de los traumas y trastornos de apego. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) is a psychotherapeutic approach that consists of eight phases with a set of specific procedures focused on the associative spontaneous processing of the traumatic memories and with a component of bilateral stimulation (ocular, auditory and tactile movements). The theoretical frame is the adaptive information processing (AIP). It raises the existence of a physiological system of learning that allows the brain to process the information of the experiences, to integrate them in an adaptive way to memory networks, and it constitutes the basis of our thoughts, emotions, attitudes and conducts. At the beginning it was applied in the treatment of the post-traumatic stress disorder, but further developments extended its use, and the treatment of the traumas and attachment disorders gained importance.</text>
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                <text>This article explores the effectiveness of treating a 17-month-old male diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a disrupted secure attachment utilizing eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) and an integrative family therapy approach. The child experienced a life-threatening choking incident requiring hospitalization. Pretreatment, the child was inconsolable by his parents when distressed and could not tolerate anything touching his throat. Posttreatment, the child accepts comfort from his parents and allows his mother to kiss his throat. Results demonstrate a reduction or elimination of PTSD symptoms and a return to a secure attachment. This case study underscores Shapiro’s Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model (2001). Application and customization of the eight phases of EMDR therapy are highlighted along with the Integrative Attachment Trauma Protocol for Children (IATP-C). Treatment consisted of five sessions. Customization included caregiver psychoeducation; EMDR resource development, focused on strengthening attachment and regulating emotion; and facilitating caregiver co-regulation throughout EMDR. The use of EMDR therapy with customization through the IATP-C protocol shows promise as an effective intervention for treating posttraumatic stress symptoms and repairing attachment in very young children.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The article describes the state of the research on psychoncology with a focus on EMDR approach to this area of expertise. Method: Qualitative analysis of the existing literature. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Epidemiological data, together with ACEs studies, and the research on the psychological effects of cancer highlight the relevance of a supportive and/or therapeutical intervention for oncological patients. The field of psychoncology is defined as understanding and treating the traumatic effects of the oncological disease, whose symptomatology can be consistent with a diagnosis of clinical, or subclinical, PTSD. Evidence-based psychotherapies for oncological patients are CBT and EMDR. Four experimental studies on EMDR in psychoncology (Faretta 2013, Capezzani et al. 2013, Jarero et al. 2015, Faretta et al. 2016) support the aptness of AIP model in the conceptualization of cancer as a highly specific, traumatic event. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The review of the existing literature points out the efficacy of trauma-focused treatments in psychoncology and suggests crucial preliminary cues on EMDR application, even though further researches are needed to validate these results.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The article outlines the state of the research on EMDR therapy of Panic Disorder (PD) and Agoraphobia. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Qualitative analysis of the existing literature. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;One pilot study (Faretta, 2013) as well as single and series of individual case reports suggest that EMDR therapy is effective in eliminating symptoms of panic and agoraphobia, whereas two previous studies with placebo controls (Feske and Goldstein, 2997, Goldstein et al, 2000), failed to show comparable outcomes. Evaluating these discrepancies, an analysis of the two controlled studies reveals a failure to use the Adaptive Information Processing (AIO) model and to apply the treatment plans for PD/A described in the successful case reports. On the other side, the positive case reports and the pilot comparison study suggest that, when working with a comprehensive case formulation based on the AIP model, 12 up to 19 EMDR sessions can be effective to accomplish a full recovery from PD and Agoraphobia. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;While research on EMDR therapy for PD/A is still at an early age, these preliminary findings support the need for controlled studies to systemically evaluate the efficacy of EMDR therapy for PD in comparison with the other accepted PD treatments.</text>
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              <text>Farretta, E., &amp;amp; Civilotti, C. (2017). [&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.11.4.E102"&gt;EMDR therapy in psycho-oncology: A bridge between mind and body&lt;/a&gt;]. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 11(4), 102E-117E. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.11.4.E102. French</text>
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                <text>Parmi les maladies potentiellement mortelles, le cancer est l'une des plus traumatisantes et des plus génératrices de détresse. Il impacte le sens même de l'identité de l'individu et perturbe chez lui des caractéristiques essentielles, en rapport direct avec la conscience de soi et le caractère unique de la personne. Il attaque l'intégrité physique des patients, amenant la question de la mort au premier plan, et peut mettre en cause directement leur sentiment d'appartenance aux micro- et macro-systèmes sociaux autour d'eux. Cet article souligne l'importance de comprendre que souffrance psychologique et douleur physique sont étroitement interconnectées et, dans le contexte de la psycho-oncologie, propose une perspective clinique basée sur l'approche de désensibilisation et de retraitement par les mouvements oculaires (EMDR), approche pour laquelle l'événement qu'est le cancer est inscrit dans l'histoire de vie du patient. L'EMDR est une approche thérapeutique fondée sur le modèle du traitement adaptatif de l'information (TAI). Le modèle TAI postule que la psychopathologie apparaît quand des expériences non traitées sont enregistrées dans leur propre réseau neuronal et se trouvent dans l'impossibilité de se connecter à d'autres réseaux plus adaptatifs. Dans cette perspective, on suppose que le noyau de la souffrance clinique est enchâssé dans ces souvenirs qui demeurent en suspens de façon dysfonctionnelle. Selon des articles scientifiques récents que nous présentons dans cet article, il semble que les traumas du passé et les traumas liés au cancer entretiennent un cercle vicieux entre la santé psychologique et physique de l'individu, et l'objectif de la thérapie EMDR est de briser ce cercle. De récentes recherches scientifiques avancent l'hypothèse que le thérapie EMDR est efficace au niveau psychologique comme au niveau physique. Cependant, à cause de l'hétérogénéité générale des protocoles de recherche, les résultats rapportés dans cet article soulignent la nécessité de mener d'autres recherches contrôlées afin de permettre une analyse plus complète.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</text>
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              <text>Papanikolopoulos, P., Konstas, D. D., Prattos-Spongalides, T.-A., Belivanaki, M., &amp;amp; Kolaitis, G. (2017). &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.11.4.181"&gt;Kronos abuses his son: A case study of severe interpersonal trauma, dissociation, and survival in adolescence.&lt;/a&gt; Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 11(4), 166-180. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.11.4.166</text>
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                <text>This case study presents case conceptualization, therapeutic intervention, and the subjective and objective therapeutic progress of a 14-year-old adolescent hospitalized with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following emotional, physical, and sexual abuse by his father. The adaptive information processing (AIP) model that informs eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy and the theory of structural dissociation of the personality (TSDP) were used to conceptualize and guide the treatment. Stabilization and orientation to the present were essential to integrate his traumatic memories into a life narrative, and this became a major goal and an outcome of treatment. A single-case AB design was applied in assessing the impact of intervention. The UCLA PTSD Symptom Scale, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire—HEL (SDQ-HEL), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Dissociative Experiences Scale II were administered at 5 different time points to assess changes in the youth's subjective emotional state and indicated substantial improvement. In addition, objective behavior change (using O'Neill's Behavior Checklist) was recorded on a daily basis for 7 months and showed a large decrease in the frequency of targeted maladaptive behaviors. The article describes the treatment process which helped the youth to regain a sense of time; establish a coherent sense of self; and maintain adaptive perceptions, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors.</text>
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              <text>De Vries, S. J. A., &amp;amp; Kuiper, C. H. Z. (2017). &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.11.3.139"&gt;Conceptualization of parenting stress in the context of EMDR therapy.&lt;/a&gt; Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 11(3), 139-146. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.11.3.139</text>
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                <text>Shapiro's adaptive information processing (AIP) model hypothesizes that chronic parenting stress may result from past distressing parental experiences that were not adaptively processed. Our correlational study conducted a preliminary test of the AIP model to determine if current levels of parenting stress were associated with the number of reported distressing parental experiences. Thirty-five parents, whose children were being treated in a community clinic, were interviewed to identify memories of events related to the onset and aggravation of parenting stress. Standardized measure of present parenting stress was obtained. Regression analysis indicated that the number of reported unprocessed parenting experiences was a strong predictor for the level of parenting stress. The results support the AIP conceptualization of parenting stress and are discussed in the context of the development of an eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) intervention to reduce parenting stress.</text>
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                <text>What’s new in our dialectic approach? How can it benefit EMDR therapists? Does it contribute to understanding the AIP model? The dialectical perspective suggests that the AIP system operates by horizontal and vertical dialectical movements acting in synergy. The horizontal oscillates between opposites and the vertical forms a whole/part hierarchy. This movement is driven by cycles of differentiation and linking. Experiences differentiate into various parts enabling new links to emerge. The spiral of the AIP system expands towards higher integration transforming the theme and the Self. This transformation fosters a sense of wholeness and peacefulness towards oneself, others, and the universe. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The dialectical perspective &lt;br /&gt;1. Supplies a map of the associative processing of the AIP system in each session. &lt;br /&gt;2. Clarifies the expanding nature of Mindful Dual Awareness (MDA) from Openness, to Curiosity, Acceptance of opposites and Love. &lt;br /&gt;3. Offers a holistic view of the interaction between therapeutic relationship, AIP system and MDA &lt;br /&gt;4. Guides the therapist in ‘dialectical attunement’ and dialectical interweaves matched to the client’s specific needs, thus facilitating the dialectical/integrative movement. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The main focus will be on the application of the dialectical concepts to EMDR therapy. The ‘Resource Connection Envelope’ (RCE) will also be taught and exercised. It contains the trauma processing with the client’s unique resources from beginning to closure. Teaching methods include: lecture, video clips, group transcript analysis and practice in pairs.</text>
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                <text>This article proposes a dialectical perspective on the adaptive information processing (AIP) model (F. Shapiro, 1995, 2001) with application to eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. Dialectical principles may contribute to a more detailed understanding of the way the AIP system works as well as adding new therapeutic guidelines. Our dialectical perspective is based on 2 propositions. The first is that the movement of the AIP system toward integration consists of 2 dialectical movements: horizontal and vertical. The horizontal movement is between various opposites of the individual such as danger versus safety, dependence versus independence, worthlessness versus self-worth. The vertical movement relates to whole/part shifts in which a whole becomes a part of the next higher whole. The synergetic flow of both dialectical movements is depicted as a spiral of the AIP system. The second proposition suggests that the AIP system operates through cycles of differentiation and linking. These cycles separate the condensed and fragmented memory network into parts, enabling new links to occur. Differentiation and linking are also discussed in relation to dialectical attunement and mindful dual awareness. Using clinical vignettes, we illustrate how this perspective can supply the EMDR therapist a map of the client's associative processing, enhance attuned therapeutic presence, and promote effective dialectical interweaves when processing is stuck.</text>
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                <text>Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 11(2), 111-120. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.11.2.111</text>
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              <text>Leeds, A. (2017, March). Case conceptualisation, treatment planning &amp;amp; target sequencing when using EMDR therapy with survivors of complex, early relational neglect &amp;amp; abuse: A framework integrating AIP, attachment theory &amp;amp; structural dissociation. Presentation (Gus Murray, Chair) at the 15th EMDR Association UK &amp;amp; Ireland Annual Conference &amp;amp; AGM, London, UK</text>
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                <text>Case conceptualisation, treatment planning &amp;amp; target sequencing when using EMDR therapy with survivors of complex, early relational neglect &amp;amp; abuse: A framework integrating AIP, attachment theory &amp;amp; structural dissociation</text>
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                <text>When working with survivors of early, complex relational neglect and trauma, clinicians trained in EMDR therapy trained need a comprehensive framework for case formulation, treatment planning and developing a targeting sequence. This presentation integrates three conceptual models as a framework for case formulation, organizing treatment plans and predicting responses to EMDR procedures including RDI and standard EMDR reprocessing: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a) the Adaptive Information Processing Model (Shapiro, 2001), b) Adult attachment classification (Cassidy and Shaver, 1999; Main, 1996) and c) Structural Dissociation of the Personality (van der Hart, Nijenhuis, and Steele, 2006) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Clinical case examples illustrate practical clinical strategies for assessing attachment classification as a foundation for case formulation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; This presentation offers an approach to treatment planning that is informed both by symptoms and defenses. This symptom informed treatment planning approach incorporates elements of the parallel models of Korn (Korn, et al., 2004), Leeds (2004) and de Jongh, et al., (2010). Case example treatment plans will be presented in a visual format to illustrate how this model can be applied to simple and complex cases.</text>
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                <text>Why do some patients respond simply and positively to standard EMDR reprocessing while others show occasional, mild ineffective responses that can be resolved quickly with interweaves? Why do some patients present disrupted reprocessing sessions time after time, even when they want to work with their traumatic issues. Strong, structural defensive avoidance is one of the most complex issues to manage in EMDR therapy Interweaves, which are so helpful with ordinary ineffective reprocessing, fail to resolve the defensive barriers that produce disrupted reprocessing (Leeds, 2016). The answers to these questions take us into the fundamental nature of the evolutionary origins of the adaptive information processing system in the neurobiological affective circuits which are its foundation and into the role of early attachment experiences in the development of these affective circuits and the action tendencies that shape human psychology. This presentation proposes an integrative framework for understanding and optimizing the underlying dynamic processes hidden within EMDR reprocessing. We examine and review elements of the adaptive information processing model of Francine Shapiro (1991, 1995, 2001), the theory of a hierarchy of action tendencies of Pierre Janet (1934), the theory of structural dissociation of the personality developed by Onno van der Hart, Ellert Nijenhuis, and Kathy Steele (2006), Jaak Panksepp’s research on the seven evolutionary-based, neurobiological affective circuits which underlie human behavior and consciousness (Panksepp, 1998; Panksepp &amp;amp; Biven, 2012), and attachment theory as developed by John Bowlby (1969, 1973, 1980) and Mary Main (1996, 1999).</text>
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                <text>Of the many life-threatening illnesses, cancer can be one of the most traumatic and distressful. It impacts the individual's sense of identity and interferes with essential features intrinsic to the person's uniqueness and self-awareness. It attacks patients' physical integrity, bringing death into the foreground and can directly threaten their sense of belonging to micro and macro social systems. This article stresses the importance of understanding that psychological pain and physical suffering are closely interconnected and, within the context of psycho-oncology, proposes a clinical perspective based on the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) approach, in which the cancer event is nested in the history of life of the patient. EMDR is a therapeutic approach guided by the adaptive information processing (AIP) model. The AIP model postulates that psychopathology results when unprocessed experiences are stored in their own neural network, incapable of connecting with other more adaptive networks. In this perspective, the core of the clinical suffering is hypothesized as embedded in these dysfunctionally suspended memories. In line with recent scientific literature presented in this article, it appears that previous and cancer-related traumas maintain a vicious cycle between psychological and physical health, and the aim of EMDR therapy is to break this cycle. Recent scientific research has hypothesized that EMDR therapy is effective at both the psychological and physical levels. However, because of the consistent heterogeneity of the research design, the findings reported in this article highlight the need for further controlled research for more comprehensive examination.</text>
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                <text>Le trouble de la personnalité narcissique et le trouble de traits narcissiques sont associés à des conduites égoïstes et à un défaut d’empathie envers les autres. Les patients dont la présentation initiale dans la psychothérapie correspond à l’un ou l’autre de ces tableaux ont un profil égocentrique ; ils manquent d’empathie ou se préoccupent peu de la souffrance qu’ils peuvent provoquer chez d’autres personnes, mais ceci n’est qu’un élément parmi d’autres. Parfois le défaut d’empathie et l’égoïsme ne sont que des défenses. Pour appréhender pleinement ce problème, il faut également avoir conscience des difficultés sous-jacentes à se définir soi-même qui sont à l’origine des manifestations comportementales du narcissisme. Comme c’est le cas pour tout problème psychologique, le traitement EMDR nécessite une compréhension de la manière dont les expériences en début de vie conduisent aux symptômes ultérieurs. La compréhension des voies qui relient les expériences vécues à un jeune âge aux traits narcissiques (y compris les présentations latentes) est essentielle à une conceptualisation de cas adéquate, tout comme il faut cerner les structures mentales défensives qui empêchent l’accès aux expériences défavorables fondamentales sous-jacentes aux symptômes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Narcissistic personality disorder and narcissistic trait disorder are associated with selfish behaviors and lack of empathy toward others. Clients with either of these initial presentations in therapy show a selfcentered profile and lack of empathy or concern about the suffering they may cause in other people, but this is only part of the picture. Sometimes the lack of empathy and selfishness is only a defense. To fully understand this problem, it is also necessary to be aware of underlying self-definition issues that drive the behavioral manifestations of narcissism. As in any psychological problem, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment needs an understanding of how early experiences lead to future symptoms. Understanding the pathways from early experiences to narcissistic features (including covert presentations) is essential for an adequate case conceptualization as well as comprehending the defensive mental structures that impede accessing the core adverse experiences underlying the symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>El trastorno narcisista de la personalidad y los rasgos narcisistas están asociados con conductas egoístas y falta de empatía hacia los demás. Los pacientes con alguna de estas presentaciones iniciales en terapia muestran un perfil centrado en sí mismos y una falta de empatía o preocupación por el sufrimiento que pueden causar a otras personas, pero esto es sólo parte de la historia. En ocasiones, la falta de empatía y el egoísmo son sólo una defensa. Para entender completamente este problema, también es necesario ser consciente de los problemas subyacentes de autodefinición que llevan a las manifestaciones conductuales del narcisismo. Como en cualquier problema psicológico, el tratamiento con la terapia de desensibilización y reprocesamiento por movimientos oculares exige comprender la manera en la que las primeras experiencias dan lugar a los futuros síntomas. Es fundamental comprender el recorrido desde las experiencias tempranas a las características narcisistas (incluidas las presentaciones encubiertas) para poder realizar una buena conceptualización del caso, así como entender las estructuras mentales de defensa que impiden acceder a las experiencias adversas nucleares que subyacen a los síntomas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Narcissistic personality disorder and narcissistic trait disorder are associated with selfish behaviors and lack of empathy toward others. Clients with either of these initial presentations in therapy show a selfcentered profile and lack of empathy or concern about the suffering they may cause in other people, but this is only part of the picture. Sometimes the lack of empathy and selfishness is only a defense. To fully understand this problem, it is also necessary to be aware of underlying self-definition issues that drive the behavioral manifestations of narcissism. As in any psychological problem, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment needs an understanding of how early experiences lead to future symptoms. Understanding the pathways from early experiences to narcissistic features (including covert presentations) is essential for an adequate case conceptualization as well as comprehending the defensive mental structures that impede accessing the core adverse experiences underlying the symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Il est prouvé que les effets négatifs du trauma et d’autres expériences de vie défavorables interfèrent avec le fonctionnement individuel, familial et sociétal. La psychothérapie EMDR (désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires) bénéficie d’un soutien empirique ; elle est recommandée en tant que traitement de première ligne pour le trauma psychologique dans de nombreuses directives de pratique. Elle apporte un traitement à la fois efficace et efficient sans nécessiter de description détaillée de l’événement perturbant ou de tâches à réaliser entre les séances. Ceci permet aux équipes sur le terrain d’offrir une psychothérapie culturellement adaptée lors de journées successives à des personnes dans des régions éloignées et en situation de crise. Des organisations d’aide humanitaire ont mené des projets sur le plan international afin de proposer une psychothérapie EMDR après des catastrophes d’origine naturelle ou humaine et ont contribué à développer des ressources durables en santé mentale à travers le monde. Cette brève introduction apporte une vue d’ensemble des programmes actuels, de la logique qui sous-tend le traitement, ainsi qu’un appel à la mobilisation future.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The negative effects of trauma and other adverse life experiences have been shown to interfere with individual, family, and societal functioning. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is empirically supported and recommended as a frontline treatment for psychological trauma in numerous practice guidelines. It provides both effective and efficient treatment without the need for detailed descriptions of the disturbing event or homework. This allows field teams to provide culturally sensitive therapy on consecutive days for those in remote areas and in crisis situations. Humanitarian assistance organizations have conducted projects internationally to provide EMDR therapy after both natural and manmade disasters and have helped develop sustainable mental health resources worldwide. This brief introduction provides an overview of current programs, treatment rationale, and a call for future action.</text>
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              <text>Hofmann, A., Hilgers, A., Lehnung, M., Liebermann, P., Ostacoli, L., Schneider, W.,&amp;amp;  Hase, M. (2015). [&lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.9.3.E94"&gt;Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing as an adjunctive treatment of unipolar depression: A controlled study&lt;/a&gt;]. Journal of EMDR Practice &amp;amp; Research, 9(3), 94E-104E. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.9.3.E94.  French</text>
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                <text>L'EMDR (désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires) comme traitement d'appoint de la dépression unipolaire : une étude contrôlée&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing as an adjunctive treatment of unipolar depression: A controlled study</text>
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                <text>La dépression est un trouble mental grave qui constitue un défi pour les systèmes de santé mentale du monde entier. Environ 30 % des patients n'obtiennent pas de rémission complète après le traitement, et plus de 75 % des patients souffrent d'épisodes dépressifs récurrents. Si la psychothérapie et la médication améliorent les taux de rémission, les taux de réussite des traitements actuels sont limités. Dans cette étude exploratoire contrôlée non randomisée, 21 patients souffrant de dépression unipolaire primaire ont été traités avec une moyenne de 44,5 séances de thérapie cognitive comportementale (TCC), avec en moyenne 6,9 séances supplémentaires de désensibilisation et de retraitement par les mouvements oculaires (EMDR). Un groupe contrôle (n = 21) a été traité avec une moyenne de 47,1 séances de TCC sans séance EMDR supplémentaire. Le principal moyen de mesure des résultats a été le Questionnaire de Dépression de Beck (BDI-II). Les scores BDI-II des deux groupes étaient identiques avant traitement et les deux traitements ont produit une amélioration significative. Les patients traités avec les séances d'EMDR d'appoint (p = 0,029) ont cependant obtenu des améliorations plus importantes. Le nombre de rémissions post-traitement, indiqué par un niveau symptomatique inférieur à 12 sur l'échelle BDI-II, était aussi significativement plus élevé dans le groupe ayant bénéficié de séances d'EMDR d'appoint : ce groupe a présenté davantage de rémissions (n = 18) que le groupe de contrôle (n = 8 ; p &amp;lt; 0,001). Cet effet potentiel de l'EMDR chez les patients souffrant de dépression primaire doit faire l'objet d'études contrôlées randomisées plus larges.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Depression is a severe mental disorder that challenges mental health systems worldwide. About 30% of treated patients do not experience a full remission after treatment, and more than 75% of patients suffer from recurrent depressive episodes. Although psychotherapy and medication can improve remission rates, the success rates of current treatments are limited. In this nonrandomized controlled exploratory study, 21 patients with unipolar primary depression were treated with a mean of 44.5 sessions of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) including an average 6.9 adjunctive sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). A control group (n 5 21) was treated with an average of 47.1 sessions of CBT sessions alone. The main outcome measure was the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). The treatment groups did not differ in their BDI-II scores before treatment, and both treatments resulted in significant improvement. There was an additional benefit for patients treated with adjunctive EMDR (p 5 .029). Also the number of remissions at posttreatment, as measured by a symptom level below a BDI-II score of 12, was significantly better in the adjunctive EMDR group, the group showing more remissions (n 5 18) than the control group (n 5 8; p , .001). This potential effect of EMDR in patients with primary depression should be examined further in larger randomized controlled studies.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.666%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.666%20&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Lagarde, E., Salmi, L., Holm, L. W. Contrand, B., (2014). &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.666%20"&gt;An association of symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury with posttraumatic stress disorder vs postconcussion syndrome.&lt;/a&gt; Journal of the  American Psychiatry Association, 71(9), 1032-1040. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.666</text>
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                <text>Association of symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury with posttraumatic stress disorder vs. postconcussion syndrome</text>
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                <text>Importance: A proportion of patients experience long-lasting symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). The postconcussion syndrome (PCS), included in the DSM-IV, has been proposed to describe this condition. Because these symptoms are subjective and common to other conditions, there is controversy whether PCS deserves to be identified as a diagnostic syndrome. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Objective: To assess whether persistent symptoms 3 months following head injury are specific to MTBI or whether they are better described as part of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Design, Setting, and Participants We conducted a prospective cohort study of injured patients recruited at the adult emergency department of the University Hospital of Bordeaux from December 4, 2007, to February 25, 2009. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Main Outcomes and Measures: At 3-month follow-up, we compared the prevalence and risk factors for PCS and PTSD. Multiple correspondence analyses were used to assess clustering of symptoms and their associations with the type of injury.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Results: We included 534 patients with head injury and 827 control patients with other nonhead injuries. Three months following the trauma, 21.2% of head-injured and 16.3% of nonhead-injured patients fulfilled the DSM-IV diagnosis of PCS; 8.8% of head-injured patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for PTSD compared with 2.2% of control patients. In multivariate analysis, MTBI was a predictor of PTSD (odds ratio, 4.47; 95% CI, 2.38-8.40) but not of PCS (odds ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.82-1.55). Correspondence analysis suggested that symptoms considered part of PCS behave similarly to PTSD symptoms in the hyperarousal dimension. None of these 22 symptoms showed any pattern of clustering, and no clear proximity with head or nonhead injury status could be found. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusions and Relevance: Persistent subjective symptoms frequently reported 3 months after MTBI are not specific enough to be identified as a unique PCS and should be considered part of the hyperarousal dimension of PTSD.</text>
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                <text>Journal of the American Psychiatry Association, 71(9), 1032-1040. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.666</text>
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                <text>&lt;p align="left"&gt;Narcissistic personality disorder and narcissistic trait disorder are associated with selfish behaviors and lack of empathy toward others. Clients with either of these initial presentations in therapy show a selfcentered profile and lack of empathy or concern about the suffering they may cause in other people, but this is only part of the picture. Sometimes the lack of empathy and selfishness is only a defense. To fully understand this problem, it is also necessary to be aware of underlying self-definition issues that drive the behavioral manifestations of narcissism. As in any psychological problem, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment needs an understanding of how early experiences lead to future symptoms. Understanding the pathways from early experiences to narcissistic features (including covert presentations) is essential for an adequate case conceptualization as well as comprehending the defensive mental structures that impede accessing the core adverse experiences underlying the symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Depression is a severe mental disorder that challenges mental health systems worldwide. About 30% of treated patients do not experience a full remission after treatment, and more than 75% of patients suffer from recurrent depressive episodes. Although psychotherapy and medication can improve remission rates, the success rates of current treatments are limited. In this nonrandomized controlled exploratory study, 21 patients with unipolar primary depression were treated with a mean of 44.5 sessions of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) including an average 6.9 adjunctive sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). A control group (n 5 21) was treated with an average of 47.1 sessions of CBT sessions alone. The main outcome measure was the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). The treatment groups did not differ in their BDI-II scores before treatment, and both treatments resulted in significant improvement. There was an additional benefit for patients treated with adjunctive EMDR (p 5 .029). Also the number of remissions at posttreatment, as measured by a symptom level below a BDI-II score of 12, was significantly better in the adjunctive EMDR group, the group showing more remissions (n 5 18) than the control group (n 5 8; p , .001). This potential effect of EMDR in patients with primary depression should be examined further in larger randomized controlled studies.</text>
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                <text>Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 8(3), 103-112. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.8.3.103</text>
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Potential mechanisms of change</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;La desensibilización y el reprocesamiento a través de movimientos oculares (EMDR) es un enfoque terapéutico guiado por el modelo del procesamiento adaptativo de la información (PAI). Este artículo ofrece una breve visión general de algunos de los principales preceptos del PAI. Se formula la hipótesis de que la base de la patología clínica son los recuerdos almacenados disfuncionalmente, produciéndose el cambio terapéutico a través del procesamiento de dichos recuerdos dentro de redes adaptativas más amplias. A diferencia de las terapias de exposición basadas en la extinción, se propone que los recuerdos sobre los que se incide en EMDR se transmutan durante el procesamiento, volviéndose a almacenar por medio de un proceso de re-consolidación. Por tanto, se ofrece comparación y contraste con los modelos de procesamiento de la información y tratamientos basados en la extinción, incluyendo las implicaciones para la práctica clínica. A lo largo del artículo, se habla de diversos mecanismos de acción, incluyendo aquellos derivados de los principios del modelo PAI, así como los propios procedimientos de EMDR, incluyendo la estimulación bilateral. Se ofrecen sugerencias de investigación, con el fi n de investigar diversas hipótesis. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Desensitization and reprocessing through eye movement (EMDR) is a therapeutic approach driven model adaptive information processing (PAI). This article offers a brief overview of some of the main precepts of PAI. Formulated the hypothesis that the basis of clinical pathology are memories stored dysfunctional, leading change Therapeutic through processing of these memories within broader adaptive networks. A Unlike exposure therapies based on extinction, it is proposed that memories about it affects transmute EMDR during processing, turning to store through a process of re-consolidation. Therefore, comparison and contrast processing models offered Information and extinction based treatments, including implications for the clinical practice. Throughout the article, discussing various mechanisms of action, including those derivatives PAI principles model and EMDR own procedures, including bilateral stimulation. Research suggestions are offered, in order to investigate various scenarios&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>In this workshop the dialectical perspective in trauma processing (Laub &amp;amp; Weiner, 2007, 2014) is discussed theoretically and its clinical application shown in video demonstrations of EMDR therapy. Differentiation and linking are viewed as major components of the integrative movement. They are discussed in relation to three basic interacting systems in trauma processing: the therapeutic relationship, Mindful Dual Awareness (MDA) and the AIP system. It is suggested that the AIP system consists of two dialectical movements: a horizontal and a vertical one. The horizontal one oscillates between opposites such as threat vs. safety, dependence vs. independence, etc. The vertical one moves downwards (fragmentation) or upward (integration) in a whole/part hierarchy (sensorimotor, emotional, cognitive, spiritual). The synergy of these two movements is conceived as a spiral. It is suggested that the development of MDA during adaptive processing also moves through a whole/part hierarchy: Openness (sensorimotor), Curiosity (emotional), Acceptance (cognitive) and Love (spiritual).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The dialectical perspective provides the EMDR therapist with a map of the client’s associative processing and guidelines for attuned therapeutic interventions which facilitate the dialectical/integrative movement in the three basic systems.</text>
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                <text>The presenter will cover new developments in the AIP Model and review standard EMDR procedures, including how to recognize, moment-by-moment, whether changes are occurring during processing and how to resolve blocks when they are not. The presenter will cover screening for cases requiring extended preparation, including identification of dissociative disorders. The workshop will include a sand tray-like demonstration of key features of the AIP Model, lecture, case vignettes, live demonstration, discussion, and Q &amp;amp; A.</text>
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                <text>This presentation is for therapists who have learned the basic EMDR protocol and are interested in expanding their skills in using EMDR in individual treatment with children. The information for the presentation comes from the trainers fidelity study on EMDR with children. The trainers will initially provide a description of Adaptive Information Processing Theory integrated with theories of human development in the treatment of children with EMDR. The presentation then will focus on teaching therapists to use EMDR with specific childhood diagnoses, or presenting problems including children who are gifted, and children who present with symptoms consistent with ADHD, dissociation, anxiety, attachment disorders, and sexual reactivity. Therapists will also learn how to use EMDR with regulatory issues in children including sleep issues and toilet training, as well as with behavioral issues such as school phobias. Each protocol follows the eight phases of EMDR with additions or modifications as indicated to adjust for the specific symptom of the child. The EMDR therapist will learn how to expand the use of the protocol to other childhood diagnoses in addition to trauma. The presentation will include the use of play therapy, behavioral therapy, and Parent-Child Interactive Therapy integrated into the eight phases of EMDR. Training will include case studies, videos and case conceptualization when using EMDR with specific childhood disorders.</text>
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                <text>For centuries scholars believed the world was flat and that the sun and universe revolved around the earth. As scientific evidence mounted, however, the view of the earth became more rounded and a greater understanding of the earth’s place in the universe took on a more informed view. This workshop will explore the position of AIP and EMDR Therapy within the universe of psychotherapy. Questions such as: “The minute a client works in your office, are you doing EMDR or AIP?” “Does AIP revolve around the 8 Phases and 3 prongs of EMDR, or do the 8 phases AND 3 prongs revolve around the universe of AIP?” “What does ‘seeing the client through the lens of the AIP’ really mean, and does it apply with and without all the BLS?” While these and more questions will be presented, answers will be formulated through the lens of each participant’s AIP. Learning Objectives: 1. Participants will be able to describe the AIP model of psychotherapy 2. Participants will be able to understand how to apply the AIP model to EMDR standard BLS activated procedures, i.e. 8 phases and 3 prongs 3. Participants will be able to discuss how to apply the AIP model to psychotherapy interventions without the BLS</text>
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                <text>This case study reports the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and family therapy for a 10-year-old boy with severe separation anxiety disorder (SAD). It illustrates how the use of the standard EMDR protocol for the boy and his mother combined with family therapy, led to symptom alleviation and restored appropriate developmental functioning as evidenced by behavioral outcomes. The participant initially presented with severe anxiety about separating from his mother, several years after his parents went through a painful divorce. Treatment focused on processing the boy's disturbing memories of past nontraumatic events in 14 EMDR sessions; his mother received 4 EMDR sessions to address her perceived marital failure and guilt about the effects of her ensuing depression on him. Eight family therapy sessions were used to help the family spend positive time together. Prior to treatment, the child had been unable to play outside, checked on his mother frequently, and could not attend activities without her. At the end of treatment, he was able to play with friends outside, ride his bike around town, engage in after school activities, and sleep over at his friends' houses. Gains were maintained at 6-month follow-up. Treatment did not include instruction in parenting skills or psychoeducation for the mother, or any exposure therapy for the child.</text>
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                <text>EMDR is an empirically supported psychotherapy underpinned by a theoretical model known as adaptive information processing (AIP). EMDR is currently indicated within the NICE (2005) guideline as one of two recommended treatment interventions for PTSD. The purpose of this presentation is to explore post 2005 EMDR research in relation to EMDR’s continued effectiveness in working with PTSD. In addition, the presentation will explore emerging research, in support of AIP, relating to the wider application of EMDR with other mental health conditions. The question posed is: does the current strength of EMDR rest in its empirical support as an effective intervention in treating PTSD or in the conceptual theoretical framework of AIP in supporting a much wider application of EMDR more than PTSD?</text>
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                <text>目前我国儿童青少年心理健康问题频现,本文阐述了家庭环境对儿童健康成长的重要性,介绍了创伤心理学EMDR中的适应性信息加工模型,并就此模型对心理创伤导致儿童持续负面影响作出解释,在此基础上提出家庭在教养儿童时应该注意的问题。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At present, there are many mental health problems in children and adolescents in China. This paper first illustrates the family environment plays an important role in the healthy growth of children, then introduces adaptive information processing model of EMDR in trauma psychology,and puts forward an explanation for children s continuous negative effects led by mental trauma with this model. Based on this,the paper points out what should be paid attention to when the family educate the children.</text>
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          <name>Document #</name>
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              <text>Silvia B. Gauvry &lt;br /&gt;Pedro Lesta &lt;br /&gt;Ana Larrarte Alonso&lt;br /&gt;Roberto Pallia</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.7.3.167"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.7.3.167&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>www.springerpub.com/</text>
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              <text>Adaptive Information Processing, AIP, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, CRPS, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, Sudeck's Dystrophy, Vignette</text>
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              <text>Gauvry, S. B., Lesta, P., Alonso, A. L., &amp;amp; Pallia, R. (2013). &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.7.3.167"&gt;Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), Sudeck's dystrophy: EMDR reprocessing therapy applied to the psychotherapeutic strategy.&lt;/a&gt; Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(3), 167-172. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.3.167</text>
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                <text>Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(3), 167-172. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.3.167</text>
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                <text>Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) Type 1, formerly termed Sudeck's dystrophy, is a disproportionate pain condition after a minor injury in a limb, with sensory, autonomic, motor dysfunction, and muscular atrophy without a demonstrated peripheral nerve injury. In children, its course can be selflimiting or evolve chronically and be accompanied with psychological distress and deterioration in life quality. CRPS may occur in association with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and may benefit from multidisciplinary treatment. The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) approach, with demonstrated efficacy in PTSD, has also been reported to be helpful with chronic pain. The application of EMDR in a case of uncontrolled pain during an adolescent's hospitalization for CRPS is presented and its potential benefits are discussed.</text>
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