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              <text>Grand, D. (1997, July). Practice innovations in auditory stimulation, body processing, dynamic interweave, and EMDR based diagnosis. Presentation at the 2nd EMDR International Association Conference, San Francisco, CA</text>
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                <text>Presentation at the 2nd EMDR International Association Conference, San Francisco, CA</text>
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                <text>EMDR is a therapeutic approach which can be incorporated into a variety of treatment models. Accordingly, the opportunity arises from such synthetic clinical work to observe and develop innovative usage of the accelerated information processing, desensitization and reprocessing effects. This presentation will outline the evolution of four such novel applications: auditory stimulation, body processing, the dynamic interweave and EMDR based diagnosis. With the introduction of the audioscan machine one year ago, practical and innovative usage of bilateral sound stimulation became available. As with the light bar technology, arm and shoulder fatigue was eliminated as a problem for the therapist. However, the advantages of the sound machine can also be contrasted with eye movements in terms of processing with closed eyes, passive inducement, increased saccadic pace and higher repetitions. Specifically examined will be the effects of uninterrupted use of the audioscan throughout an entire session (even during non-processing conversing), as well as out of the office use by clients for processing augmentation and alleviation of agitation and sleep difficulties. This presentation will also elaborate the innovative concepts and practices of processing physical sensations, referred to here as 'body processing’, as well as propose innovative technical applications of bilateral tactile stimulation. The benefits of deliberately targeting body sensations for processing in selected situations even when images, cognitions and affective material are accessible, will be explored. Focused targeting of somatic sensations will be examined as a technique to facilitate processing with reduced agitation for clients who tend to respond with problematic levels of flooding, regression or dissociation. The particular efficacy of body processing will also be investigated in relation to the treatment of somatically charged conditions such as hypochondriasis, panic disorders, character pathology (armor) and chronic pain (i.e. TMJ, muscle spasms, headaches, IBS and chronic fatigue). The rationale for and application of the symbolic imaging of physical perceptions, repeated returns to body target and the phenomena of fluxing, traveling and the metamorphosis of body sensations will be discussed. Particular attention will be devoted to the technique of alternating hand pressure on lines of meridian and accupressure points. The concept of dynamic interweave will be illuminated as the innovative integration of EMDR into the psychodynamic, ego psychology and self psychology constructs. Attention will be given to the associative process, screen memories, parapraxes, dream work, resistance, transference, countertransference and character pathology. The manner in which EMDR facilitates the integration of cognitive and affective mental processes leading to a deepened capacity for insight and emotional development will be highlighted. This is especially so in conditions of trauma where intellectual awareness is usually insufficient to ameliorate ubiquitous panic or alter deeply held irrational beliefs and distorted self perceptions. The final, newly developed, use of EMDR discussed will be as a powerful and incisive diagnostic tool. For example, when a simple phobia does not remit quickly, it oftentimes suggests the existence of an underlying, not as yet emerged panic disorder or process phobia. Similar diagnostic information may be speculated when a single event adult onset trauma processes very slowly, pointing to a more significant trauma history. When somatic sensations continually move throughout the body, changing form without processing out, this has been observed to accompany a panic disorder, overt or underlying. Highly valuable diagnostic information emerges with EMDR processing when the etiology of body pain is unclear or unknown. If targeted body processing yields movement, abatement or elimination of the somatic distress then emotional involvement is strongly suggested. However, if no change occurs, an organic derivation of the pain may be confirmed. Case material, in vivo demonstrations and handout material will be used to illustrate the concepts presented.</text>
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                <text>This article describes a dynamic, short-term art therapy approach that has been developed for the treatment of trauma related disorders. Using a modified Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) protocol with alternating tactile and auditory bilateral stimulation, associations are rapidly brought to conscious awareness and expressed in a series of drawings. As new information is accessed, affective material is metabolized and integrated, leading to transformation of traumatic memory and an adaptive resolution of the trauma. Readers are cautioned that clinicians using this approach should be experienced in working with trauma. American Art Therapy Association, 37, New Orleans, LA, US, Portions of this paper were presented at the aforementioned conference.</text>
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              <text>Plummer, C. D. (2007). &lt;a href="https://etd.ohiolink.edu/pg_10?0::NO:10:P10_ACCESSION_NUM:ucin1178855934"&gt;Performance enhancement for brass musicians using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing&lt;/a&gt;. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati).  Retrieved from &lt;a href="https://etd.ohiolink.edu/pg_10?0::NO:10:P10_ACCESSION_NUM:ucin1178855934"&gt;https://etd.ohiolink.edu/pg_10?0::NO:10:P10_ACCESSION_NUM:ucin1178855934&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>(Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati).  Retrieved from &lt;a href="https://etd.ohiolink.edu/pg_10?0::NO:10:P10_ACCESSION_NUM:ucin1178855934"&gt;https://etd.ohiolink.edu/pg_10?0::NO:10:P10_ACCESSION_NUM:ucin1178855934&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an innovative therapy that is currently used to treat anxiety disorders. Discovered by Francine Shapiro in 1987, the treatment was originally utilized on individuals suffering from Post Traumatic Syndrome Disorder; however, the original treatment protocol has evolved to include other forms of trauma such as performance anxiety. The main hypothesis of EMDR states that traumatic memories cause the nervous system to become dysfunctional and unbalanced. As a result, stimuli such as sound and images from these events are looped continuously within the nervous system until the body can functionally process the events toward an adaptive solution. Until a solution is established, the original thoughts and feelings encountered during previous disturbing events resurface each time a resembling experience occurs. EMDR serves as a performance enhancement for brass musicians by desensitizing and reprocessing maladaptive memories through bilateral stimulation of both hemispheres of the brain.</text>
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              <text>Auditory Bilateral Stimulation, BLS, Episodic Memory</text>
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              <text>Glans, E., &amp;amp; Dahlberg, U. O. (2004). &lt;a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20040828163755/http://www.psy.umu.se/grundutbildning/program/psykolog-programmet/Uppsatser/Examensarbete/VT2004/P521.pdf"&gt;[Memory after impact: Bilateral stimulation and its effect on episodic memory].&lt;/a&gt; Ume Universiter, Institutionen fr psykologi Psykologprogrammet. Swedish</text>
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                <text>Minne efter påverkan, Bilateral stimulering och dess effekt på episodiskt minne &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Memory after impact: Bilateral stimulation and its effect on episodic memory</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="349014">
                <text>Umeå Universiter, Institutionen för psykologi Psykologprogrammet</text>
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                <text>2004</text>
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                <text>Swedish</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="349023">
                <text>Ett kognitivt minnesexperiment med mellangruppsdesign genomfördes i syfte att undersöka auditiv bilateral stimulerings inverkan på episodiskt minne. Bakgrunden till studien var att många kliniska iakttagelser gjorts i den psykoterapeutiska behandlingsmetoden Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, (EMDR) angående den bilaterala stimuleringens effekt på minnesprocesser. Frågeställningen var: Har auditiv bilateral stimulering någon positiv effekt på det episodiska minnet? Ett randomiserat urval bestående av 110 universitetsstuderande försökspersoner (55 kvinnor och 55 män), jämnt fördelade över fem grupper, i åldrarna 19-46 år, deltog. Auditivt stimulus gavs i fyra av grupperna. Den beroende variabeln var episodiskt minnesprestation och mättes med hjälp av meningstest och ordtest. Någon generell effekt av bilateral stimulering på episodiskt minne kunde inte påvisas. Bilateralt stimuli vid inlärning visade dock på signifikanta resultat avseende minnesprestation i förhållande till de två grupper som erhöll bilateralt stimuli vid återgivning. Signifikans erhölls även avseende prestation i förhållande till försökspersonernas upplevelse av stimulus. Resultaten diskuterades utifrån försökspersonernas upplevelse av stimulus samt inflytande av arousal. Avsaknad av emotionella komponenter, som i förlängningen bidragit till skillnader i minnesprocessande, antogs vara huvudsaklig förklaring till utebliven positiv effekt av bilateral stimulering. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A cognitive memory experiment with between group design was conducted to investigate the auditory bilateral stimulation effect on the episode of animal memory. The background to study was that many clinical observations made in the psychotherapeutic treatment Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) regarding bilateral stimulation effect on memory processes. The issue was: Did auditory bilateral stimulation a positive effect on the episodic memory? A randomized sample of 110 university student volunteers (55 women and 55 males), evenly distributed over five groups, aged 19-46 years, participated. Audi TIVE stimulus was given in four groups. The dependent variable was episode-Semitic memory performance and measured with the help of meaningful test and ordtest. A general effect of bilateral stimulation of episode animal memory could not be demonstrated. Bilateral stimuli at learning, however, showed the significant results relating to memory performance in relation to the two groups who received bilateral stimulation at reproducing. Significance was obtained including performance in relation to the trial subject's experience of stimulus. The results are discussed from the trial subject's experience of stimulus and the influence of arousal. Lack of emotional components, which ultimately contributed to differences in memory processing, was adopted as the primary explanation for non - positive effect of bilateral stimulation.</text>
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                  <text>EMDR Collection</text>
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              <text>Anke van Nijnatten</text>
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              <text>www.uu.nl/EN/‎</text>
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              <text>Asylum Seekers, Auditory Stimulation, Refugees, Visual Stimulation</text>
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          <name>Accuracy Verified?</name>
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              <text>Yes</text>
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              <text>van Nijnatten, A. (2012). [&lt;a href="https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/252819"&gt;EMDR with traumatized asylum seekers and refugees: difference in effectiveness between visual and auditory stimulation&lt;/a&gt;]. (Master's thesis. Utrecht University). Retrieved from http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/student-theses/2012-0808(2005)26/Nijnatten%2c%20A%20van%203270998.pdf  on 5/3/19. Dutch</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/252819"&gt;https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/252819&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="388194">
                <text>EMDR bij getraumatiseerde asielzoekers en vluchtelingen: Verschil in effectiviteit tussen visuele en auditieve stimulatie &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;EMDR with traumatized asylum seekers and refugees: difference in effectiveness between visual and auditory stimulation</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="388195">
                <text>(Master's thesis. Utrecht University). Retrieved from http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/student-theses/2012-0808-200526/Nijnatten%2c%20A%20van%203270998.pdf on 5/3/19</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="388197">
                <text>2012</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="388200">
                <text>Dutch</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Objective: Recent studies suggest that eye movements are the most effective form of stimulation in EMDR, but this assertion is based primarily on studies using the general population. This study evaluated whether tones and eye movements in EMDR are equally effective in reducing symptoms of trauma, anxiety and depression among asylum seekers and refugees, who are diagnosed with PTSD. As a control the entire EMDR condition was compared with a waiting list condition, who received no treatment. Method: In the present study 43 asylum seekers and refugees in the age of 20 to 73 years, who were indicated for treatment at Stichting Centrum ’45, participated. They were assigned to three different conditions: EMDR with eye movements, EMDR with tones or no treatment. The patients were not randomly assigned to the three conditions. Trauma symptoms were measured with the CAPS and HTQ and anxiety and depression symptoms with the HSCL-25. Results: Both tones and eye movements in EMDR lead to a reduction in symptoms of trauma, according to the HTQ. When trauma symptoms are reported according to the CAPS both conditions do not lead to a significant reduction in complaints. Concerning symptoms of anxiety and depression both conditions lead to a reduction in symptoms. Again there is no difference between tones and eye movements. It appears that EMDR is not significantly better in reducing symptoms of trauma, compared to the waiting list condition. Both EMDR and no treatment do not lead to a significant reduction in symptoms of anxiety and depression and there is no distinction between the conditions. Conclusion: Eye movements and tones lead to a significant reduction in symptoms of trauma, anxiety and depression, but this reduction is insufficient compared to the control condition. This is probably due to the small sample size of the present study. The present study implies that the theory that eye movements are more effective than tones in EMDR may not be generalizable to a complex group of patients, namely asylum seekers and refugees diagnosed with PTSD.</text>
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        <name>Asylum Seekers</name>
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        <name>Auditory Stimulation</name>
      </tag>
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        <name>Refugees</name>
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        <name>Visual Stimulation</name>
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              <text>Matthias Maget</text>
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          <description>emdr_title_link</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="456109">
              <text>&lt;a href="https://opus-htw-aalen.bsz-bw.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/3050"&gt;https://opus-htw-aalen.bsz-bw.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/3050&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
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        <element elementId="116">
          <name>Original Work Citation</name>
          <description>spec_citation</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="456111">
              <text>Maget, M. (2023). [EMDR therapy compared to EMDR therapy augmented by tactile and auditory stimulus]. (Master's thesis, Aelen University). German</text>
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          <name>Document #</name>
          <description>emdr_doc_ID</description>
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              <text>12568</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="456102">
                <text>EMDR-therapie im vergleich zu EMDR-therapie, erweitert durch taktilen und auditorischen stimulus &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;EMDR therapy compared to EMDR therapy augmented by tactile and auditory stimulus</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="456103">
                <text>EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) ist ein neurobiologisch orientierter psychotherapeutischer Ansatz zu Behandlung von posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen (PTBS) und anderen belastenden Lebensereignissen. Dabei werden Augenbewegungen eingesetzt, um die Verarbeitung und Integration traumatischer Erinnerungen zu erleichtern. Diese nichtinterventionelle Anwendungsbeobachtung untersucht die Bedeutung von Augenbewegungen in EMDR und potenzielle Vorteile der Einbeziehung auditiver und taktiler Reize in die Therapie.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a neurobiologically oriented psychotherapeutic approach to treating post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) and other stressful life events. Eye movements are used to facilitate the processing and integration of traumatic memories. This non-interventional observational study examines the importance of eye movements in EMDR and potential benefits of incorporating auditory and tactile stimuli into therapy.</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="456104">
                <text>(Master's thesis, Aelen University)</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="456105">
                <text>2023</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="456107">
                <text>German</text>
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        <name>Auditory Stimulation</name>
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      <tag tagId="13959">
        <name>Multisensory Integration</name>
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      <tag tagId="13958">
        <name>Stress Disorders</name>
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      <tag tagId="8860">
        <name>Tactile Stimulation</name>
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        <name>Traumatic Memories</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="13957">
        <name>Treatments</name>
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