1 50 2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource EMDR Collection Dissertation/Thesis Document # emdr_doc_ID 03024 Author(s) dc_creator Richard Alan Lytle Year emdr_year 1993 Link to Source (e.g. Association, Publisher) emdr_source_link http://www.psu.edu/ Subjects emdr_subject Biologic Markers, College Students, EMD, Intrusive Thoughts, Negative Therapeutic Reaction, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, Stressors, Survivors, Treatment Effectiveness, Witnesses Accuracy Verified? emdr_accuracy Yes Archived emdr_archived Yes Original Work Citation spec_citation Lytle, R. A. (1993). An investigation of the efficacy of eye-movement desensitization in the treatment of cognitive intrusions related to memories of a past stressful event. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 54(9), 4926 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An investigation of the efficacy of eye-movement desensitization in the treatment of cognitive intrusions related to memories of a past stressful event Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 54(9), 4926 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1993 Language A language of the resource English Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Dissertation/Thesis Description An account of the resource A novel clinical technique, referred to as "eye-movement desensitization," has recently been reported to rapidly achieve significant reductions in the frequency and intensity of the two primary symptoms of PTSD; cognitive intrusions and the behavioral and emotional avoidance of trauma related fear cues. The current study was intended to provide an experimentally controlled replication of this procedure. The 45 students with the highest scores on a self-report questionnaire were selected for participation in the study and randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions. These conditions included "eye-movement desensitization," "eye-fixation desensitization," and a non-directive control condition.Sessions One and Three consisted of pretest and posttest assessment respectively, administered by questionnaire and behavioral measures of cognitive intrusions relating to the reported trauma. Session Two, consisted of immediate pretest and posttest assessment of information regarding subjective discomfort, perceived validity of adaptive cognitions, and vividness of images related to the reported trauma. The results of this experiment indicated that treatment-related pretest to posttest change was limited to (a) a relative reduction in cognitive intrusions for the eye-fixation group compared to the other treatment conditions, and (b) initial superiority of both desensitization techniques in immediately reducing subject distress, vividness of the initial image (and for eye-fixation, improved validity of an adaptive cognition) in comparison to the non-directive condition. The latter condition, however, then achieved equivalent gains by one-week follow-up. It was concluded that: (a) the relative efficacy of the eye-movement desensitization technique, was not supported in this non-clinical population, (b) to the degree that the outcomes resulting from the two desensitization conditions were at variance from those of the more traditional non-directive technique, those differences appear to have been predominantly transient in character, and (c) the induction of saccadic eye-movements did not demonstrably function as an active component of treatment within this experimental context. It was additionally concluded that further research will be required to satisfactorily resolve the discrepant findings of experimentation and case reports regarding the efficacy of this technique. Specific suggestions for further research were presented. Biologic Markers College Students EMD Eye Movement Desensitization Intrusive Thought Negative Therapeutic Reaction Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Witnesses Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource EMDR Collection Journal Document # emdr_doc_ID 00952 Author(s) dc_creator Richard A. Lytle<br />Holly Hazlett-Stevens<br />Tom D. Borkovec Year emdr_year 2002 Link to Document (e.g. DOI, PDF) emdr_title_link <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0887-6185(02)00099-3">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0887-6185(02)00099-3</a> Link to Source (e.g. Association, Publisher) emdr_source_link www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-anxiety-disorders/ Subjects emdr_subject Biologic Markers, College Students, EMD, Intrusive Thoughts, Negative Therapeutic Reaction, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, Stressors, Survivors, Treatment Effectiveness, Witnesses Accuracy Verified? emdr_accuracy Yes Archived emdr_archived Yes Original Work Citation spec_citation Lytle, R. A., Hazlett-Stevens, H., &amp; Borkovec, T. D. (2002). <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0887-6185(02)00099-3">Efficacy of eye movement desensitization in the treatment of cognitive intrusions related to a past stressful event.</a> Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 16(3), 273-288. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(02)00099-3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Efficacy of eye movement desensitization in the treatment of cognitive intrusions related to a past stressful event Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 16(3), 273-288. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(02)00099-3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002 Language A language of the resource English Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Journal Description An account of the resource Much of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) efficacy research has been widely criticized, limiting scientific understanding of its therapeutic components. The present investigation of Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) effectiveness included undergraduate students reporting current intrusive cognitions concerning a traumatic event. Forty-five participants received a single treatment session of either: (a) EMD, as described by Shapiro [J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry 20 (1989b) 211], (b) an identical procedure which employed eye fixation on a stationary target, or (c) non-directive counseling. Standardized self-report, subjective rating, Daily Diary, and intrusive thought sampling measures were collected before and after treatment. Results indicated that participants in the eye fixation group reported marginally (<em>p</em>&lt;.052) fewer cognitive intrusions than the non-directive group 1 week following treatment. No significant differences between the EMD and non-directive conditions or between the EMD and eye fixation conditions on this measure were found. During the treatment session, both desensitization groups were superior to the non-directive group in reducing reported vividness of the mental image of the original event. However, the non-directive group improved to the level of the two other groups by the following week. Rapid saccadic eye movements were therefore unrelated to immediate treatment effects for this sub-clinical sample, and non-directive treatment largely yielded eventual outcomes equivalent to the two desensitization conditions. Biologic Markers College Students EMD Eye Movement Desensitization Intrusive Thought Negative Therapeutic Reaction Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Witnesses