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              <text>Yoshikawa, H., &amp;amp; Ichii, M. (2014). &lt;a href="http://www.emdr.jp/emdr%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6-%E7%AC%AC3%E5%B7%BB-%E7%AC%AC1%E5%8F%B72011%E5%B9%B45%E6%9C%88/"&gt;[Effects of eye movements on vividness, emotionality and recall of autobiographical memory].&lt;/a&gt; Japanese Journal of EMDR Research &amp;amp; Practice, 6(1), 29-42. Japanese</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;鮮やかさ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;情動&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;と&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;自伝的記憶&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;の&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;想起&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;に&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;眼球運動&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;の影響&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Effects of eye movements on vividness, emotionality and recall of autobiographical memory</text>
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                <text>本研究の目的は、ワーキングメモリモデルと半球間相互作用モデルによって占められて目の動き、次の回想の変化により会計処理されている負の自伝的記憶に関連した鮮やかさと情動に眼球運動の効果との関係を検討することであった。水平眼球運動条件、垂直眼球運動状態、目の修正条件：二十四学部と大学院の学生が3眼球運動条件を実行しながら、それらの負の自伝的記憶を想起した。セットの数が増加すると鮮やかさと水平眼球運動条件と垂直眼球運動状態に還元情動、および情動性がより減少させた。メモリ回想の質はAY条件で積極的に変化しなかった。これらの結果は、ワーキングメモリのアカウントをサポートしており、正のメモリリコールの増加が負の自伝的記憶の鮮明さと情動性の減少に関連していないことを示唆している。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This study examined how eye movements influence the vividness, emotional intensity, and recall accuracy of autobiographical memories. Participants were asked to recall personal negative experiences while performing horizontal eye movements. The results showed that eye movements significantly reduced the vividness and emotionality of the recalled memories, while also affecting the clarity of recall. These findings support the hypothesis that bilateral stimulation, as used in EMDR, can modulate emotional responses and memory characteristics, contributing to its therapeutic effects.</text>
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              <text>Yoshikawa, H.,  &amp;amp; Ichii, M. (2011, May). &lt;a href="http://www.emdr.jp/emdr%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6-%E7%AC%AC3%E5%B7%BB-%E7%AC%AC1%E5%8F%B72011%E5%B9%B45%E6%9C%88/"&gt;[Experimental studies on effects of eye movements on memory retrieval].&lt;/a&gt; Japanese Journal of EMDR Research &amp;amp; Practice, 3(1), 26-39. Japanese</text>
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                <text>眼球運動の影響は、研究の成長体で実証されている。この記事では、眼球運動の効果を説明する理論モデルに基づいて実験的研究をレビューする。ワーキングメモリモデルは、眼球運動がワーキングメモリの機能の混乱の結果、鮮やかさや画像の感情的な影響を軽減することを示してメモリを念頭に保持されている間、目の動きなど、認知タスクへの会費が実行されます。半球間相互作用モデルは、水平眼球運動が増加半球間脳の活動によって、より正確に記憶を取得促進することを実証している。捜査反射モデルは、まだ議論の余地があるものの、目の動きは、眼球運動によって誘発され、深いリラクゼーションと生理的な覚醒を減らすことを示しています。各モデルの制限と、これら三つのモデルの関係は、目の動きは、不快な記憶をどのように影響するかという点で「遠ざける」変数Fを含む、議論された。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The effects of eye movements have been demonstrated in the growing body of studies. This article reviews the experimental studies based on the theoretical models that explain the effects of eye movements. Working memory model shows that eye movements reduce the vividness and emotional impact of images as the result of disruption in the function of working memory, dues to perception tasks including eye movements are performed while the memories are held in mind. Interhemispheric interaction model demonstrates that horizontal eye movements facilitate retrieving memories more accurately by increased interhemispheric brain activity. Investigatory reflex model shows that eye movements reduce physiological arousal with deep relaxation induced by eye movements, though it is still controversial. The limitation of each models and the relation among these three models were discussed, including the variable f 'distancing' in terms of how eye movements affect unpleasant memories.</text>
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              <text>Hellen K. Hornsveld&lt;br /&gt;Jan H. Houtveen&lt;br /&gt;Max Vroomen&lt;br /&gt;Immanuel Kapteijn&lt;br /&gt;Dorienke Aalbers&lt;br /&gt;Marcel A. van den Hout</text>
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              <text>Hornsveld, H. K., Houtveen, J. H., Vroomen, M., Kapteijn, I., Aalbers, D., &amp;amp; van den Hout, M. A. (2013).  &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.7.1.E1"&gt;[Evaluation of the effect of eye movements on the positive memories such as those used in the development and installation of resources].&lt;/a&gt; Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(1), E1-E11. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.1.E1. French</text>
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                <text>Le Développement et installation de ressources (DIR) est une procédure EMDR (désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires) développée afin de renforcer les associations positives dans les souvenirs positifs qui sont pleins de ressources (Korn &amp;amp; Leeds, 2002). Cette étude a testé la supposition selon laquelle les stimulations bilatérales (mouvements oculaires [MO] horizontaux) dans le DIR paraissent “conduire à des augmentations spontanées et rapides de l’intensité affective... et à des associations riches et émotionnellement vives” (Korn &amp;amp; Leeds, p. 1469). Cette étude a également testé si les effets des mouvements oculaires pouvaient être mieux expliqués par la théorie de la mémoire du travail ou par celle de l’interaction hémisphérique. Cinquante-trois étudiants du premier cycle se sont chacun rappelé trois souvenirs de fierté, de persévérance et de confiance en soi. Ils ont apporté des évaluations prétest et posttest de chaque souvenir en termes de clarté, d’agrément et de la force éprouvée de la qualité positive, avant et après avoir réalisé trois tâches simultanées au cours du rappel : des MO horizontaux, des MO verticaux et le rappel seul. Les résultats étaient pleinement concordants avec les prédictions de la mémoire de travail, avec des diminutions significatives pour toutes les variables après les deux tâches de mouvements oculaires. Il n’y avait pas de soutien en faveur de l’hypothèse interhémisphérique. Il est conclu que l’efficacité des stimulations bilatérales dans le DIR est discutable. Les implications cliniques sont envisagées.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Development and installation of Resources (DIR) is a procedure EMDR (desensitization and reprocessing Eye Movement) developed to enhance the positive associations in positive memories that are full of resources (Korn &amp;amp; Leeds, 2002). This study tested the assumption that the bilateral stimulation (eye movements [MO] horizontal) appear in the DIR "Lead to rapid increases spontaneous and emotional intensity ... and associations emotionally rich and strong "(Korn &amp;amp; Leeds, p. 1469). This study also tested whether the effects of eye movements could be better explained by the theory of working memory or the interaction hemispherical. Fifty-three undergraduate students each recalled three were memories of pride, perseverance and self-confidence. They provided pretest and posttest assessments each memory in terms of clarity, pleasure and strength tested positive quality, before and after performing three simultaneous tasks during recall: MO of horizontal and vertical of MO recall alone. The results were fully consistent with the predictions of the working memory with significant decreases for all variables following both eye movement tasks. There was no support for the hypothesis interhemispheric. It is concluded that the effectiveness of bilateral stimulation in the DIR is questionable. The clinical implications are considered. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</text>
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                <text>The growing body of literature on the effects of bilateral saccadic eye movements, patterned after those employed in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), on memory is reviewed. Research indicates that engaging in bilateral saccadic eye movements prior to lab-based memory testing results in signifi cant improvement in episodic memory across a wide range of memory tests. Other effects of these types of eye movements on hemispheric activation and emotional state are also discussed. The fi ndings are interpreted within a framework suggesting that bilateral saccadic eye movements, such as those employed in EMDR, increase interaction between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. This framework is also used to explain the effects of such eye movements on memory during EMDR treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder.</text>
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                <text>Two experiments examining the effects of mixed handedness (which is associated with increased interhemispheric interaction) and horizontal saccadic eye movements (which are associated with increased bihemispheric cortical activation) on the recognition of prose are reported. In study one mixed handedness was associated with greater accuracy in both rejecting new material and recognizing old material. In study two eye movements resulted in relative improvement of episodic memory. This improvement is hypothesized to reflect increased interaction between the left and right cerebral hemispheres, which is associated with superior episodic memory. Implications for possible neuropsychological mechanisms underlying eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), a therapeutic technique for PTSD, are discussed.</text>
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