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              <text>Abdul-Hamid, W. (2020, January). The need for trauma therapy of man-made trauma victims compared to victims of natural disaster, a health professional survey. Paper presented at the 4th EMDR Asia International Conference, Bangkok, Thailand</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Trauma Aid UK (previously HAP UK &amp;amp;Ireland) conducted three EMDR trainings in Turkey: the first was in Istanbul on 28th November 2013. Since then, 3 groups of mental health trainees completed 3 parts EMDR training. In total 86 clinicians were trained. Also, in June 2016, the first part of three parts EMDR training in Nepal was completed following the Nepal Earthquake in 2015. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methodology:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A survey was conducted at the beginning of each of the above-mentioned training courses. Participants were asked to consent to participate in the study and, if they did, they will be given the ‘The Need for Trauma-based Services’ quantitative and qualitative Questionnaire, or its Arabic translation. 63 Syrian participants of the Istanbul and Gaziantep EMDR training and these were compared with 37 Nepalese Participants completed the survey. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The results analysis of these surveys showed the significantly higher PTSD prevalence in the man-made Syrian conflict trauma compared to the prevalence following Nepal natural Earthquake. 52% of the Syrian mental health professionals suggested that PTSD is the major mental health problem in their country, compared to only 6% of the Nepalese mental health professionals. Both the Syrian (33%) and Nepalese (27%) felt they were only able to meet around third of their client’s needs. They felt that training in EMDR in their mother-tongue will help increase the meeting of these needs. Other suggestion of service provisions and innovations were suggested to meet more of the needs of their trauma survivors. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;This study highlighted the high need for trauma mental health services of the Syrian refugees as reported by mental health professionals working in the neighboring countries. The important difference of these needs from those of the Nepal people confirms that man-made trauma can cause much more mental health disturbance and needs. Recommendation for training and service development for Syrian refugees were made.</text>
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                <text>“Getting Past your Past” into the present: ISP® &amp;amp; ERP – Immediate stabilization in natural and man-made disasters and trauma&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Getting Past your Past” dans le présent: ISP® &amp;amp; ERP – Stabilisation immédiate lors de traumatismes, de catastrophes naturelles ou causées par l’homme</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Trauma Aid UK (previously HAP UK &amp;amp;Ireland) conducted three EMDR trainings in Turkey: the first was in Istanbul on 28th November 2013. Since then, 3 groups of mental health trainees completed 3 parts EMDR training. In total 86 clinicians were trained. Also, in June 2016, the first part of three parts EMDR training in Nepal was completed following the Nepal Earthquake in 2015. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;A survey was conducted at the beginning of each of the above-mentioned training courses. Participants were asked to consent to participate in the study and, if they did, they will be given the ‘The Need for Trauma-based Services’ quantitative and qualitative Questionnaire, or its Arabic translation. 63 Syrian participants of the Istanbul and Gaziantep EMDR training and these were compared with 37 Nepalese Participants completed the survey. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The results analysis of these surveys showed the significantly higher PTSD prevalence in the man-made Syrian conflict trauma compared to the prevalence following Nepal natural Earthquake. 52% of the Syrian mental health professionals suggested that PTSD is the major mental health problem in their country, compared to only 6% of the Nepalese mental health professionals. Both the Syrian (33%) and Nepalese (27%) felt they were only able to meet around third of their clients needs. They felt that training in EMDR in their mother-tongue will help increase the meeting of these needs. Other suggestion of service provisions and innovations were suggested to meet more of the needs of their trauma survivors. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;This study highlighted the high need for trauma mental health services of the Syrian refugees as reported by mental health professionals working in the neighbouring countries. The important difference of these needs from those of the Nepal people confirms that man-made trauma can cause much more mental health disturbance and needs. Recommendation for training and service development for Syrian refugees were made.</text>
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              <text>Shapiro, R., Laub, B., &amp;amp; Rosenblat, O. (2018, June). &lt;a href="http://www.clinicalneuropsychiatry.org/pdf/04_Paper_Clinical-18-3.pdf"&gt;Early EMDR intervention following intense rocket attacks on a town: A randomised clinical trial.&lt;/a&gt; Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 15(3), 194-205</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The aim of the study is to investigate the efficacy of EMDR R-TEP interventions with residents suffering from post-traumatic symptoms. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The study employed a waitlist/delayed treatment control group design and participants were randomly allocated to either immediate or waitlist/delayed treatment conditions. The measures used included the PCL-5 posttrauma checklist for DSM-5; the PHQ-9 depression scale; the Subjective Unit of Disturbance (SUD) scale and the Brief Resilience Coping Scale (BRCS). The clinical staff of the Resilience Center (HOSEN) offered EMDR therapy treatment using the Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP) for 25 trauma-stricken residents referred to their center. The study began within three months after the 2014 round of hostilities. Three 90 minute sessions were given first to the intervention group and a month later to the delayed treatment control group. The follow-up measures were taken six months later. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The immediate treatment group had significantly improved scores on post-trauma and depression measures compared to the waitlist/delayed treatment group, who showed no improvement prior to their treatment. There were significant interactions between group and time for PCL-5, PHQ-9 and SUD. Post hoc testing of the interaction revealed that within group A, participants exhibited a significant decrease in PCL-5, PHQ-9 and SUD scores (one-tailed p: &amp;lt;0.001, 0.006, 0.03). The results in resilience scores over time showed an increasing trend in group A that failed to reach significance. Repeated measures analysis of group B revealed a borderline statistically significant difference in resilience scores over time. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;This study provides further evidence, supporting the efficacy of Early EMDR Intervention for reducing post-traumatic stress and depression symptoms am</text>
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                <text>EMDR is a well-established therapy for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be reduced or prevented if treated during the first month after a trauma when a person displays Acute Stress Disorder (ASD). Although usually used later, EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress .The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), described in the Humanitarian Assistance Program’s (HAP) Disaster Manual and Marilyn Luber’s : EMDR Scripted Protocols: Basic and Special Situations.(2009)and Implementing EMDR Early Mental Health Interventions for Man-Made and Natural Disasters: Models, Scripted Protocols and Summary Sheets, (2013 ) was developed to deal with victims of natural and man-made disaster within hours of exposure to trauma. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Participants in this workshop will learn how to identify and respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing ERP. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking, and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities. Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) with survivors the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror and war. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this presentation the Recent Events Protocol will be examined, with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the face of continuing ongoing danger. EMD (Eye Movement Desensitization), the original protocol developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro in 1989, and modified by Elan Shapio and Brurit Laub in R-TEP will be described and compared to the standard EMDR protocol with emphasis as used in emergency settings where multiple patients need rapid treatment. Group EMDR usually used with children will be presented as well as modified by Elan Shapiro as G-TEP for adults. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A practicum will follow on ERP.</text>
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              <text>Bilal, M. D. M. S., Rana, M. H., Col. Safi Ullah Khan, B., &amp;amp; Quayyum, R. (2015).  &lt;a href="http://www.theprofesional.com/article/vol.%2022%20no.%2004/Prof-2724.pdf"&gt;Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing beyond complex post traumatic stress disorder: A case study of EMDR in Pakistan.&lt;/a&gt;  The Professional Medical Journal, 22(4), 514-521</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;To demonstrate the efficacy of EMDR in complex multiple psychological trauma after failed drug treatment from selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) in a diagnosed case of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Single participant of this case study, a sitting session judge of judicial governmental scaffold reported to this mental health tertiary care facility at his own accord with features of intense anxiety, depression, maladjustment issues and post- traumatic stress for a duration of several months. As a partial responder to full trial of SSRI he was enrolled for EMDR therapy to address his symptoms of intense anxiety, panic attacks, being overwhelmingly fearful, depressed, low selfesteem, inappropriate feelings of guilt, flashbacks, avoidance, nightmares, hyper-arousal and inability to perform as a judicial head in active war stricken area of northern Pakistan. Complete psychiatric evaluation was carried out and after the discontinuation of SSRIs he was scored on Impact of Event Scale (IES). He fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for PTSD as evaluated by the English version of the PTSD module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV administered once before commencement of EMDR. Safe place of the client was established and 8 staged protocol of EMDR was started with him. Multiple EMDR sessions were conducted. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Result:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The case presented in this paper had multiple psychological trauma forms and failed drug treatment and yet it was observed that EMDR provided marked improvement in all the domains of his deficits and this was at a prompt speed as compared to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) which usually takes longer duration of therapy to achieve similar results. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;EMDR provides marked improvement in all domains of complex mental trauma and traumatic memories. Improvement attained was prompt and enduring as compared to other forms of established therapies and drug treatment indicating permanent changes happening at neurobiological levels of brain.</text>
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                <text>In 2013, the EMDR Research Foundation (aka the Foundation) established “Addressing the Global Burden of Trauma” as one of its research priorities. Whether natural or man-made, the Foundation supports research exploring the effectiveness of early EMDR interventions in response to trauma and disaster. The EMDR Early Intervention Research Toolkit was specifically designed to assist EMDR clinicians who provide early EMDR interventions as part of frontline trauma response and recovery. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The primary goal of the Toolkit is to increase data collection and publication of studies in order to gain a better understanding of the most effective ways to intervene after a traumatic event. The Toolkit is intended only for EMDR clinicians who have completed Basic EMDR Training and, ideally, are fully trained in the use of the specialty protocols within it. This brief introduction, the protocols, and the worksheets are not a substitute for adequate and appropriate training.</text>
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