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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.11.3.147"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.11.3.147&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Potick, D. (2017). &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.11.3.147"&gt;"Winter is coming!"—Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder imagery after viewing the television series Game of Thrones.&lt;/a&gt; Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 11(3), 147-161. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.11.3.147</text>
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                <text>"Winter is coming!"—Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder imagery after viewing the television series Game of Thrones</text>
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                <text>This article presents the detailed case of a 27-year-old man who began to suffer from intrusive imagery after watching a brutal scene in the TV series Game of Thrones. The content of the intrusive imagery included images of people with enucleated eyes and was initially accompanied by anxiety about sharp objects. The patient's mental distress was assessed by the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and the Impact of Event Scale—Revised, and the patient was diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy was provided to treat related distressing memories and the intrusive imagery. As treatment progressed, more complex and layered aspects of the symptom presentation became evident, and EMDR was integrated with other treatments. These included psychodynamic psychotherapy to address his complicated relationship with his father, exposure and response prevention (ERP) therapy to reduce avoidance of sharp objects, and cognitive therapy (CT) for aggressive violent thoughts toward others. The article identifies the various clinical decision points and discusses theoretical conceptualizations and related factors. This clinical case report provides additional support for the body of knowledge on the relationship between traumatic events and imagery in OCD. Therefore, trauma-focused treatments, such as EMDR therapy, which concentrates specifically on those experiences, might be especially effective.</text>
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              <text>Andrea Pozza &lt;br /&gt;Gian Paolo Mazzoni &lt;br /&gt;Maria Tiziana Neri &lt;br /&gt;Rossano Bisciglia &lt;br /&gt;Carmelo La Mela &lt;br /&gt;Isabel Fernandez&lt;br /&gt;Davide Dettore</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajap/2/5/3"&gt;http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajap/2/5/3&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Pozza, A., Mazzoni, G. P., Neri. M. T., Bisciglia, R., La Mela, C., Fernandez, I., &amp;amp; Dettore, D. (2014). &lt;a href="http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajap/2/5/3"&gt;“Tackling trauma to overcome OCD resistance” (The TTOOR Florence trial) Efficacy of EMDR plus CBT versus CBT alone for inpatients with resistant obsessive compulsive disorder. Protocol for a randomized comparative outcome trial.&lt;/a&gt; American Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(5), 114-122. doi:10.12691/ajap-2-5-3</text>
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                <text>“Tackling trauma to overcome OCD resistance” (The TTOOR Florence trial) Efficacy of EMDR plus CBT versus CBT alone for inpatients with resistant obsessive compulsive disorder. Protocol for a randomized comparative outcome trial</text>
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                <text>Researchers and clinicians have recently highlighted the usefulness of integrating additional therapeutic approaches into standard intensive cognitive behavioural treatments (CBT) with the aim to improve clinical outcomes for patients with severe resistant OCD. To date, there is still a limited amount of knowledge on the effectiveness of third-wave CBT techniques for OCD, despite such techniques seemed to be effective for a wide range of mental disorders. The Eyes Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) is a treatment approach, based on the Adaptive Information Processing model, which conceptualizes psychological disorders as manifestations of unresolved traumatic or distressing memories. EMDR has been conceived as an integrative approach, aimed at facilitating resolution of memories, desensitizing stimuli that trigger present distress as a consequence of second-order conditioning, and incorporating adaptive attitudes and behaviours for better functioning. The present paper describes a research protocol for a randomized comparative outcome trial on inpatients with treatment-resistant OCD in a tertiary inpatient clinic in Italy. The study will aim to: (a) examine the effectiveness of EMDR with intensive brief CBT (EMDR+CBT) compared to intensive brief CBT alone on primary outcomes (OCD symptoms, obsessive beliefs, depression, and anxiety) at immediate post-treatment, one-, six-month-, and one-year-follow-up; (b) compare feasibility and acceptability of EMDR+CBT protocol versus intensive brief CBT alone (in terms of attrition and treatment satisfaction); (c) examine the effectiveness of EMDR+CBT versus intensive brief CBT alone on secondary outcomes (disgust propensity and sensitivity, emotion dysregulation, and dissociative experiences and symptoms). Inclusion/exclusion criteria of participants, outcomes, time scheduling, rationale, and therapeutic components of the treatments will be presented.</text>
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                <text>American Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(5), 114-122. doi:10.12691/ajap-2-5-3</text>
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              <text>Böhm, K. (2017, April). EMDR in OCD patients. In EMDR case studies - EMDR in the treatment of fears and phobias (Evelyn Wright, Chair). Presentation at the 3rd EMDR Asia International Conference, Shanghai, China</text>
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                <text>In EMDR case studies - EMDR in the treatment of fears and phobias (Evelyn Wright, Chair). Presentation at the 3rd EMDR Asia International Conference, Shanghai, China</text>
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                <text>OCDs are difficult to treat. Various studies have demonstrated that 15–40% of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) do not respond to it; they cannot be motivated to undergo treatment, drop out, or experience persisting difficulties in regulating their emotions. In this practical workshop, EMDR is presented as an additional method in the treatment of OCD. OCD-patients experienced EMDR as a useful and motivating method. Furthermore, they felt encouraged to deal with their emotions in additional psychological treatments. Confrontation therapy markedly reduced OCD symptoms. EMDR is shown as a useful augmentation method in treating patients with OCD by using videos, live-demonstrations and speech. Especially, important interweaves for OCD-patients the timing in therapy will be shown.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;Amit Beniwal&lt;br /&gt;Aman Singh Jamwal&lt;br /&gt;Debalina Biswas&lt;br /&gt;Tabish Brar&lt;br /&gt;Brijesh Saran&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <text>Beniwal, A., Jamwal, A. S., Biswas, D., Brar, T., &amp;amp; Saran, B. (2023). &lt;a href="https://ijfans.org/uploads/paper/585088ecad845af95ccec3aaa26c04f2.pdf"&gt;A case report on the effectiveness of virtual eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy in childhood OCD.&lt;/a&gt; International Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences, (10), 908-910</text>
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                <text>A case report on the effectiveness of virtual eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy in childhood OCD</text>
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                <text>OCD is a very common mental illness that frequently manifests as an obsession with cleanliness, doubts, fear of harming oneself or others, religious, and sexual concerns. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy uses a standardized threepronged method to address the past, present, and future aspects of a person's traumatic memories. A fifth-grade student in an urban nuclear family aged 10 who has never had a history of psychiatric illness reported experiencing recurrent intrusive thoughts and witnessing his parents being fatally slashed. After speaking with the child's mother, it was decided not to give the youngster any medication. At the beginning of treatment, the patient's CYBOCS score was 24, which is regarded as severe. A score of two was obtained in the last session. EMDR therapy is well established to be an effective treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder, despite the lack of research on its usage for OCD.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences, (10), 908-910</text>
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                <text>This presentation will focus on illustrating decision points in EMDR in case conceptualization with children involving complex diagnoses. Videotapes will include sessions with young children diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attachment traumas, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), dissociation and other diagnoses. This is an interactive workshop where participants are encouraged to bring questions about the protocol and challenging issues in practice. Areas to be discussed: how attachment affects the progression of EMDR, at what point does dissociation impact the protocol, and at what point does the therapist consider installing mastery, resource development, or the Inverse Protocol.</text>
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                <text>The present paper is an attempt to extend the mechanisms of action in EMDR beyond the processing of past traumatic experiences. The two subjects in the case series have not processed past traumatic experiences, and have attained significant progress with processing firstly, memories of triggers based in recent events and secondly, memories of obsessional rituals based in neutralising sentences and behaviours (safety behaviours). The fact that these two cases show positive outcomes indicates that OCD treatment is successful when it focuses on processing recent experiences (triggers or events that precede the OCD symptoms) and memories of the symptoms elicited on exposure to the feared stimuli. Insofar as EMDR in the processing of recent experiences is akin to ERP procedures in its exposure to recent triggers suggests a certain similarity in the mechanism of actions between EMDR and ERP procedures.</text>
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              <text>Mazzon, G.-P., Pozza, A., La Mela, C., &amp;amp; Fernandez, I. (2017, October). &lt;a href="http://www.clinicalneuropsychiatry.org/#"&gt;CBT combined with EMDR for resistant refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: Report of three cases&lt;/a&gt;. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 14(5), 345-356</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) with Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is the most studied and empirically validated form of treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). However, this therapeutic modality can be extremely demanding and stressful for many patients, especially those with severe OCD symptoms and those who are particularly resistant to the usual therapies. Therefore, alternative forms of intervention - such as the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR0 - are of great therapeutic interest. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The present study describes a case series reporting how the processing of traumatic memories and obsessive contents can facilitate the treatment if symptoms in resistant cases with OCD.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Three cases have been described and analyzed in detail. Attention has been focused particularly on how to enable patients to regulate their em0tions, and on the treatment of sensations and cognitions associated with traumatic memories. A hybrid intervention, composed of EMDR and CBT therapies, was administered. This involved three distinct ways to use EMDR through and combined with CBT in the psychotherapeutic treatment. During the first phase of treatment with the first subject, EMDR was applied to contents related to the patient's thoughts (obsessions of contamination), the residential contact. The second patient (with obsessions of aggression) was treated with CBT and EMDR first administered in a day-hospital facility and subsequently as an outpatient treatment; with the third patient, EMDR was also administered as an outpatient, during a relapse prevention plan. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;All three patients showed a clinically significant reduction in symptoms. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;There are only three case reports so we can draw only anecdotal conclusions EMDR could be useful method to implement current treatments when combined with CBT, also for OCD resistant patients; however, future randomized controlled trials would be needed to validate these findings.</text>
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                <text>Behavioral and cognitive psychotherapies are the most widely studied psychological interventions for anxiety disorders. In the present article, the results of ten years of meta-analytic studies on psychotherapies for the various anxiety disorders are reviewed and the relative effectiveness of cognitive and behavioral therapeutic methods is examined. Meta-analytic results support the effectiveness of combined cognitive and behavioral approaches for anxiety disorders. Pure behavioral therapies also are effective and appear to work as well as combined treatment for some disorders. Due to the small number of outcome studies involving pure cognitive treatments, reliable conclusions about the effectiveness of this approach cannot be offered. Additional theoretical and practical considerations are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 60: 429–441, 2004.</text>
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                <text>This study was a comparison between the effects of combine eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and drug, with drug only, in the reduction of symptoms and severity obsessive compulsive disorder. Thirty patients that were assessed as suffering OCD by a psychiatrist were divided in two groups randomly (experimental and control groups). All subjects have been tested by Maudsley obsessive compulsive inventory (MOCI) and Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS). The experimental group learned EMDR and across 8 weeks, when they experienced disturb thought, used EMDR without compulsive behavior. During the 8 weeks, the control group just used drugs. Results showed a significant reduction of symptoms and severity of OCD in both groups but in the experimental group, the reduction was more effective and significant. Thus, to conclude, although EMDR has been used for PTSD symptom reduction, the present study revealed that this technique is also effective for the reduction of symptoms and the severity of OCD.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;Hedayat Nazari&lt;br /&gt;Nahid Momeni&lt;br /&gt;Mojgan Jariani&lt;br /&gt;Mohammad Javad Tarrahi&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <text>Nazari, H., Momeni, N., Jariani, M., &amp;amp; Tarrahi, M. J. (2011, November). &lt;a href="http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/13651501.2011.590210"&gt;Comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with citalopram in treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.&lt;/a&gt; International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 15(4), 270-274. doi:10.3109/13651501.2011.590210</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 15(4), 270-274. doi:10.3109/13651501.2011.590210</text>
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                <text>Objective. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the chronic anxiety disorders that interfere with routine individual life, occupational and social functions. There is controversy about the first choice of treatment for OCD between medication and psychotherapy. Aim. the aim was to investigate the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) compared with medication by citalopram in treatment of OCD. Methods. This randomized controlled trial was carried out on 90 OCD patients that randomly were assigned into two groups. They either received therapeutic sessions of EMDR or citalopram during 12 weeks. Both groups blindly were evaluated by the Yale-Brown scale before and after the trial period. Results. Pretreatment average Yale-Brown score of citalopram group was about 25.26 as well as 24.83 in EMDR group. The after treatment scores were 19.06 and 13.6, respectively. There was significant difference between the mean Yale-Brown scores of the two groups after treatment and EMDR was more effective than citalopram in improvement of OCD signs. Conclusion. It is concluded that although both therapeutic methods (EMDR and Citalopram) had significant effect in improving obsessive signs but it seems that in short term EMRD has better effect in improvement of final outcome of OCD.</text>
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                <text>Clients who are diagnosed with OCD often have a comorbid trauma diagnosis. It is essential that clinicians understand the similarities and the differences in OCD and PTSD symptomatology. Symptoms often overlap; however, they differ in functionality. Participants will learn a comprehensive interview questionnaire that helps delineate PTSD from OCD symptomology and discern the complex factors in dual focus treatment. In addition, case conceptualization with concurrent treatment of OCD and PTSD are examined.</text>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Ebrahim Sarichloo, M., Taremian, F., Dolatshahee, B., &amp;amp; Alireza Haji Seyed Javad, S.  &lt;/span&gt;(2020, September). &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs.101535"&gt;Effectiveness of exposure/response prevention plus eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in reducing anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms associated with stressful life experiences: A randomized controlled trial.&lt;/a&gt; Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 14(3), e101535. doi:10.5812/ijpbs.101535</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Background&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is known as a non-psychotic mental disorder resistant to treatment. It has been found that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) can increase the effectiveness of its standard treatments. Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating the impact of exposure/response prevention (ERP) combined with EMDR as a treatment method on patients with OCD who had experienced stressful life events by comparison to ERP alone. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The present randomized controlled trial was conducted among 60 OCD patients who experienced stressful life events and were resistant to medication treatment. The participants were randomly assigned to the ERP plus EMDR (n = 30) and ERP (n = 30) groups. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were completed before and after the intervention, as well as, after a follow-up period of three months. The scores were compared using the chi‐squared test, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ANOVA results demonstrated that both treatment protocols had a significant effect on the reduction of anxiety and severity of OCD symptoms, while the results of ANCOVA showed a significantly higher effect of ERP plus EMDR compared to the ERP protocol (P = 0.001), and sample attrition was significantly higher in the ERP group (P &amp;lt; 0.05). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The ERP plus EMDR protocol compared to the ERP protocol showed a higher rate of completion and efficacy in OCD treatment.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.32996/jpbs.2024.4.2.8"&gt;https://doi.org/10.32996/jpbs.2024.4.2.8&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Muhammad, B. M. Z. A. (2024, December). &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.32996/jpbs.2024.4.2.8"&gt;Effectiveness of the rapid eye movement sequential therapy program in reducing post-traumatic stress disorders in Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A sample of mothers of children with special needs referred from psychological clinics in Khartoum&lt;/a&gt;. Journal of Psychology and Behavior Studies, 4(2), 107-122. doi:10.32996/jpbs</text>
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                <text>The study aimed to reveal the effectiveness of the Rapid Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) program in reducing post-traumatic stress disorder among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (among a sample of mothers of children with special needs referred from psychiatric clinics in Khartoum). The study sample consisted of (14) mothers, who were intentionally selected from those attending psychiatric clinics in Khartoum, and suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder as a result of post-traumatic stress disorder after being informed that their children have special needs. Their ages ranged between (35-40) years. Participation in the treatment program was approved based on the psychiatrists' orientations for them to attend the program to complete treatment after stopping medication. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was used and applied to the study sample before and after the program, as well as during follow-up. To achieve the study objectives, the EMDR program was applied to reduce post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. It was prepared by the researcher and lasted for two months from January 1st (2023) until the end of February of the same year. The researcher applied the study tools before and after the program. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study reached the following results: The first hypothesis indicated statistically significant differences at the significance level (α=0.05) in obsessive thoughts among the study sample between the pre-test and post-test due to the EMDR program. The training program showed an effectiveness of (74.7%) in reducing their obsessive thoughts. The result of the second hypothesis also indicated statistically significant differences at the significance level (α=0.05) in compulsive acts among the sample between the pre-test and post-test, attributed to the EMDR program. The training program showed an effectiveness of (74.9%) in reducing the compulsive acts associated with post-traumatic stress disorder among the sample. The follow-up results indicated no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α=0.05) in obsessive thoughts among the sample between the post-test and follow-up test. There were also no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α=0.05) in compulsive acts among the sample between the post-test and follow-up test, indicating the effect and continued effectiveness of the training program during the follow-up stage. In light of these results, the study recommended conducting further studies on the effectiveness of the EMDR program in reducing post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder with a sample of males or other age groups to reduce their obsessive-compulsive acts.</text>
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                <text>El arte y la pasión al tratar pacientes con TOC y Síndrome de Tourette a lo largo de 17 años&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Art and the passion in treating patients with OCD and tourette syndrome over 17 years</text>
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                <text>Este libro es la respuesta a estas incógnitas teóricas y prácticas. Fruto de una profunda investigación, unida a una dilatada experiencia terapéutica en consulta, este modelo explicativo, integrador y ecléctico pivota en torno a la consideración del trauma psicológico como constructo transdiagnóstico básico para entender y tratar el problema obsesivo, en consonancia con el DSM 5 que admite por primera vez en el TOC, el papel de los hechos traumáticos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This book is the answer to these theoretical and practical questions. Born from deep research and extensive therapeutic experience in clinical practice, this explanatory, integrative, and eclectic model centers on the consideration of psychological trauma as a fundamental transdiagnostic construct for understanding and treating obsessive problems, in line with the DSM-5, which for the first time acknowledges the role of traumatic events in OCD.</text>
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                <text>Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a structured, eight-phase, mainly non-verbal psychotherapeutic approach that is developed to resolve symptoms that have stemmed from disturbing and unprocessed life experiences. EMDR is well known for the treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, modified protocols have been developed for the treatment of other anxiety and mood disorders; especially if rooted from a traumatic experience in the past. People with Intellectual Disability (ID) are more likely to suffer from adverse experiences during their lives and psychiatric consequences are common among them. In addition, they are more likely to have difficulty in verbal communication which is a requirement in other psychological interventions but less so in EMDR. All these point towards EMDR as a potential add-on tool in this group of clients. Unfortunately there is limited, yet encouraging, published literature about the use of EMDR in people with ID. In this paper, I will report a successful use of EMDR for the treatment of PTSD and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in a 35 year old patient with moderate ID and then use this to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using EMDR for people with ID in a wider context</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a structured, eight-phase psychotherapeutic approach, developed to resolve symptoms resulting from disturbing and unprocessed life experiences. EMDR is well known for the treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, modified protocols have been developed for the treatment of other anxiety and mood disorders specially if rooted from a traumatic experience in the past. People with intellectual disability (ID) are more likely to suffer from adverse experiences in their lives and psychiatric consequences are common among them. In addition, they are more likely to have difficulty in verbal communication which is more important in other psychological interventions but less in EMDR. These all point out towards EMDR as a potential adds-on tool should it’s effectivity in this group of client is proven. Unfortunately there are only few but encouraging case reports about the use of EMDR in people with ID. In this manuscript, I report the successful use of EMDR for the treatment of PTSD and then Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in a patient with moderate ID. Patient has given consent for reporting his case. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Case Presentation:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Mr. X is a 35 year old gentleman with moderate ID and long history of depression, anxiety and severe OCD. When I took over his care in August 2013, he was staying on a coach under a duvet for most of the day. He was unable to move around the house due to lengthy rituals when passing a door and each shower took five hours. He misused alcohol to be able to socialise and go to sleep. In return alcohol would make him more depressed, suicidal and occasionally aggressive toward others. He would respond partially to Fluoxetine 60mg but he was unable to tolerate that dose due to side effects. The initial assessment revealed presence of flash-backs and nightmare of a bullying event happened when Mr. X was 15. After building up a therapeutic rapport and motivating him to cut his alcohol use, he was considered a suitable candidate for EMDR. He received five sessions of EMDR from April to May 2014. During treatment the memory of bullying at age 15 was processed by standard 8-phase protocol and rapid eye movements. Flashbacks and nightmare disappeared during treatment. Quality of sleep, mood and general well being all improved. He stopped misusing alcohol and binge drinking as well but no significant change in the severity of OCD. His pre-treatment Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scale* (HADS) were 14 (Depression) and 16 (Anxiety) and they dropped to 4 and 12 respectively after treatment. Given the encouraging response of PTSD to EMDR, it was agreed to give another sets of EMDR for his OCD and anxiety in due course. He continued to do well and improvement in his HADS score sustained. It was 4 (Depression) and 8 for anxiety in October 2014. OCD was still present. He scored 55 out of maximum of 72 and cut-off of 21 on Obsessive Compulsive Inventory _ Revised (OCI-R) scale which suggested severe OCD. His main problems were long shower, counting before doing certain functions, obsessive slowness and fear of contamination. He could not remember how the illness started. Mr. X received another 6 weekly session of EMDR between Oct 2014 and January 2015. During this treatment the touchstone memory was identified by float-back technique. He remembered for the first time that his illness started after a high fever and being sick when he was 10 years old. He felt for the first time in his delirious state that his face is dirty because of vomiting and he has to wash it constantly. His OCD remained with him after that however the presentations and rituals have changed slightly during years. An anxiety protocol was used and his touchstone memory, the worst memory, the current triggers and future template were processed by rapid eye movements. Mr X reported progressive improvement in his anxiety and rituals. He stopped counting from the third session and he was able to clean the house and cook at his kitchen at the end. The shower time reduced to two hours. HADS and OCI-R were repeated in January 2015. He scored 3 (Depression) and 7 (Anxiety) on HADS and 32 on OCI_R. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion and recommendations:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;EMDR seem to be a useful and effective adds-on method of treatment of psychiatric disorders in people with ID especially if the problem started after a traumatic experience. Relatively short duration of intervention, minimal reliance on the verbal abilities and absence of interaction with other psychiatric interventions could be considered as its advantages for using in this group of client. However, its effectivity still needs to be proven in controlled studies but nevertheless it could be a viable option in a case which has exhausted other pharmacological and psychological interventions. A proper assessment of suitability, building up therapeutic relation with patient and creativity in using the standard protocols to adapt to specific needs of patients with ID would improve the chance of a successful use. *0-7 (Normal), 8-10 (Borderline) and 11-21 (Abnormal)</text>
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                <text>In diesem praxisorientierten Workshop wird der Einsatz von EMDR bei Zwangsstörungen vorgestellt und eingeübt. Dabei wird auf Besonderheiten beim Einsatz von EMDR ebenso eingegangen wie auf die Kombination mit Reizkonfrontationen (Expositionsübungen). Ein verändertes Standartprotokoll wird eingeführt, das "Therapietiming“ von EMDR aufgezeigt und auf typische Probleme in der Emotionsregulation eingegangen. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Learning objectives: Ein wichtiges Augenmerk richtet sich in der Therapie immer auf die Persönlichkeit und Lebensgeschichte des Patienten. Sie lernen EMDR auf die jeweilige Persönlichkeit zuzuschneiden und auch die Art des Zwanges zu berücksichtigen. Waschzwänge bedürfen zum Beispiel oft anderer Strategien als reine Zwangsgedanken. Im Workshop werden Therapievideos gezeigt, das praktische Vorgehen eingeübt und die Theorie hierzu anschaulich vermittelt. Er richtet sich sowohl an verhaltenstherapeutisch als auch an tiefenpsychologisch arbeitende Kollegen. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this hands-on workshop, the use of EMDR is presented with OCD and practiced. It is specific to the use of EMDR as well as to respond to stimulus combination confrontation (exposure exercises). A modified standard protocol is introduced, demonstrated the "treatment timing" of EMDR and discussed common problems in emotion regulation. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Learning objectives: An important focus is always in the therapy on the personality and life history of the patient. You will learn to tailor to the particular personality and EMDR to consider the kind of coercion. Washing compulsions for example, often require different strategies than pure obsessions. The workshop therapy videos are shown, and rehearsed the practical approach and teaches the theory on this vividly. He addresses both behavioral therapy and psychodynamic to working colleagues.</text>
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                <text>In der Therapie von Zwangsstörungen mit den herkömmlichen Methoden der Verhaltenstherapie kommt es immer wieder zu Problemen innerhalb der Behandlung: 1. therapieresistente Fälle trotz Expositionen lege artis 2. Emotionsarbeit häufig problematisch 3. Expositionen sind anstrengend, belastend, für manche Patienten zu schwierig&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the treatment of OCD with the conventional methods of Behavior therapy, it always comes back to problems within the treatment: 1. therapy-resistant cases, despite exposure lege artis 2. Emotion work is often problematic 3. Exposures are demanding, stressful, too difficult for some patients</text>
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                <text>Hintergrund: Die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie mit Exposition und Reaktionsverhinderung ist die am besten untersuchte und derzeit wirksamste Therapie bei Zwängen. 15–40% der Patienten können jedoch nicht von diesem Verfahren profitieren. Sie berichten Motivationsprobleme, brechen die Behandlung vorzeitig ab oder zeigen anhaltende Probleme in der Emotionsregulation. Der zusätzliche Einsatz der Therapiemethode «Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing» (EMDR) zur Reduktion dieser Schwierigkeiten wird vorgestellt und beschrieben. Methode: Es werden drei Kasuistiken vorgestellt, die mittels deskriptiver Analysen ausgewertet werden. Hierbei wird auf das inhaltliche Vorgehen sowie die Therapiemotivation und Emotionsregulation im Therapieverlauf eingegangen. Ein Patient mit Kontrollzwängen erhielt zunächst EMDR-Sitzungen und anschließend Expositionsübungen. Eine andere Patientin mit vorwiegend Zwangsgedanken wurde zuerst mit Expositionen und danach mit EMDR behandelt. Im dritten Fall wurden Expositionen und EMDR-Sitzungen abwechselnd durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Die drei behandelten Patienten berichteten eine Reduktion der Zwänge um etwa 60%. EMDR wurde von allen drei Patienten als motivierend und hilfreich beschrieben. Die Arbeit an den Emotionen konnte durch EMDR angeregt und verstärkt werden. Eine deutliche Reduktion der Zwänge durch die Expositionen zeigte sich bei 2 Patienten, während diese im Zuge der EMDR-Sitzungen nur leicht abnahmen. Diskussion: EMDR könnte eine vielversprechende Augmentationsoption bei der Behandlung von Zwängen darstellen. Für eine bessere Beurteilung sind kontrollierte und randomisierte Studien erforderlich.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Introduction: Various studies have demonstrated that cognitive behavioural therapy with exposure response prevention is the most effective method to treat obsessive- compulsive disorders. However, 15–40% of patients do not respond to it; they cannot be motivated to undergo treatment, drop out, or experience persisting difficulties in regulating their emotions. In this article, EMDR is presented as an additional method for these specific problems. Method: Three case studies are reported and descriptively analysed. Special focus is placed on the patients’ motivation and on how they regulate their emotions. Different ways of applying EMDR in the course of psychological treatment are described as well. EMDR before confrontation therapy was applied in the first patient (checking behaviour); the second patient (compulsive thoughts) was first treated with confrontation therapy and then with EMDR; in the third patient, EMDR and confrontation therapy were applied alternately. Results: All three patients showed a reduction of symptoms by about 60%. They experienced EMDR as a useful and motivating method. Furthermore, they felt encouraged to deal with their emotions in additional psychological treatments. Confrontation therapy markedly reduced OCD symptoms in two of the patients. Discussion: EMDR could be a useful augmentation method in treating patients with OCD, but further controlled and randomised studies are required to validate this conclusion.</text>
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                <text>In diesem praxisorientierten Workshop den Einsatz von EMDR mit Zwangsstörung (OCD) werden vorgestellt und geübt werden. In diesem Workshop werden wir die Besonderheiten der Verwendung von EMDR sowie die Kombination mit Stimulus Konfrontation (Exposition Übungen) umfassen wird. Ein Standard-Eintrag verändert wird umgesetzt, das "Timing der Therapie" von EMDR wird gezeigt und die typischen Probleme im Zusammenhang mit der Regulierung von Emotionen wird geprüft werden. Der Workshop richtet sich an alle Kolleginnen und Kollegen arbeiten in-Tiefe sind psychische und Verhaltensstörungen Therapeutika ausgerichtet. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this practice-oriented workshop the use of EMDR with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) will be presented and practiced. During this workshop we will cover the special features of using EMDR as well as the combination thereof with stimulus confrontation (exposure exercises). An altered standard record will be implemented, the “timing of the therapy” of EMDR will be shown and the typical problems relating to the regulation of emotions will be looked into. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The workshop is aimed at all colleagues who are working in-depth with psychological and behavioural therapeutics.</text>
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                <text>• Various Studies have shown onset of Obsessive Compulsive (OC) Behaviors in Very Young Children (3 years to 8 years)(Hirano et. al, 2007; Jennifer et. Al, 2014 ). &lt;br /&gt;• Allemagne (2009) suggested EMDR offer promising techniques and new avenues in research exploring the efficacy of EMDR and OCD. It was hypothesized that processing the overwhelming fears and ritualized behaviors at the epicentre of OCD could decrease symptoms of OCD (A de Jongh, 2009). &lt;br /&gt;• There are no concrete evidence so far, to show that EMDR has been effectively used in treating preschoolers or young children with OC Behaviors or OCD. According to Tinker &amp;amp; Wilson (1999), EMDR can be easily executed and take less sessions. With 5-8 years of age, the Negative Cognition (NC), the PC (positive condition) and VOC (validity of cognition) are likely to be unobtainable and they have an easier time identifying emotions than cognitions. In this poster, case series of 5 young children with OC behaviours and EMDR procedure and response to EMDR is described.</text>
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                <text>OCDs are difficult to treat, especially if sexual, aggressive or religious obsessions are part of them. Various studies have demonstrated that 15–40% of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) do not respond to it; they cannot be motivated to undergo treatment, drop out, or experience persisting difficulties in regulating their emotions. In this practical workshop on OCD, EMDR is presented in a new procedure, following international evidence-based guidelines such as NICE, APA, German DGPPN S3-guidlines. Furthermore, the new ICD-11 definition of OCD will be presented and related disorders discussed. OCD-patients with sexual, aggressive or religious obsessions experienced EMDR as a useful and motivating therapy. Furthermore, they felt encouraged to deal with their emotions in additional psychological treatments. Our new in-vivo EMDR therapy markedly reduced OCD symptoms. EMDR is shown as an useful treatment in working with patients suffering from OCD by using videos, live role-plays, live-demonstrations and speech. Especially, the treatment planning, the timing in therapy and the best targets to use for OCD-patients will be shown.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les TOC sont difficiles à traiter, en particulier lorsqu’ils s’accompagnent d’obsessions à caractère sexuel, agressif ou religieux. Diverses études ont démontré que 15 à 40 % des patients atteints de troubles obsessionnels compulsifs (TOC) ne répondent pas au traitement ; ils ne parviennent pas à se motiver pour suivre une thérapie, abandonnent le traitement ou continuent à rencontrer des difficultés pour réguler leurs émotions. Dans cet atelier pratique sur les TOC, l'EMDR est présenté selon une nouvelle procédure, conformément aux directives internationales fondées sur des preuves telles que celles du NICE, de l'APA et des directives S3 de la DGPPN allemande. De plus, la nouvelle définition des TOC selon la CIM-11 sera présentée et les troubles apparentés seront abordés. Les patients atteints de TOC présentant des obsessions à caractère sexuel, agressif ou religieux ont perçu l'EMDR comme une thérapie utile et motivante. De plus, ils se sont sentis encouragés à gérer leurs émotions dans le cadre de traitements psychologiques complémentaires. Notre nouvelle thérapie EMDR in vivo a considérablement réduit les symptômes du TOC. L'EMDR s'avère être un traitement utile dans le travail avec les patients souffrant de TOC grâce à l'utilisation de vidéos, de jeux de rôle en direct, de démonstrations en direct et d'exposés. En particulier, la planification du traitement, le timing de la thérapie et les cibles les plus appropriées pour les patients atteints de TOC seront présentés.</text>
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                <text>Most of the empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been with individuals suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This case study reports on the successful treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in a 13-year-old male using the standard three-pronged approach of EMDR in a private practice setting. The current protocol addressed the initial touchstone event, the current level of distress related to that event, as well as anticipation and planning for future feared events. The participant received 15 sessions of EMDR. At 90-day posttreatment follow-up, there was a substantial decrease in OCD symptoms (from moderate to subclinical) as measured by the Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale, indicating a large effect size (d = 0.81). The current study provides insight into treating OCD in adolescence and how using the three-pronged approach (past, present, and future) of EMDR can be an effective tool. Study limitations and suggestions for future clinical research are discussed.</text>
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                <text>Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a bio-psycho-socio-cultural disorder that includes genetic, neural brain anomalies, traumatic experiences, and development of dysfunctional beliefs that can be learnt from others and from the environment. The current empirical research supports the utilisation of a specific form of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (Exposure and Response Prevention) however not all clients respond well to this intervention. This presentation will consider how EMDR Therapy can be used with this client group.</text>
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                <text>This article reports the results of two experiments, each investigating a different eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) protocol for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and each with two young adult male participants with long-standing unremitting OCD. Two adaptations of Shapiro’s (2001) phobia protocol were developed, based on the theoretical view that OCD is a self-perpetuating disorder, with OCD compulsions and obsessions and current triggers reinforcing and maintaining the disorder. Both adaptations begin by addressing current obsessions and compulsions, instead of working on past memories; one strategy delays the cognitive installation phase; the other uses mental video playback in the desensitization of triggers. The four participants received 14–16 one-hour sessions, with no assigned homework. They were assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), with scores at pretreatment in the extreme range (mean 5 35.3). Symptom improvement was reported by participants after 2 or 3 sessions. Scores at posttreatment were in the subclinical/mild range for all participants (mean 5 8.5). Follow-up assessments were conducted at 4–6 months, indicating maintenance of treatment effects (mean 5 7.5). Symptom reduction was 70.4% at posttreatment and 76.1% at follow-up for the Adapted EMDR Phobia Protocol and 81.4% at posttreatment and at follow-up for the Adapted EMDR Phobia Protocol with Video Playback. Theoretical implications are discussed, and future research is recommended.</text>
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                <text>This article reports on the first 3 randomly allocated cases treated by the author in an ongoing trial comparing eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with cognitive behavioral therapy (exposure and response prevention) in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in a U.K. primary care setting. This article describes the treatment and data collection procedures, followed by a summary of each of the 3 cases supported by quantitative and qualitative data. The Adapted EMDR Phobia Protocol (Marr, 2012) was provided, following the trial protocol of 1-hour, 16-session treatment. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was administered at every 4th session. At posttreatment, 2 of the 3 cases showed more than a 50% reduction on validated psychometric measures, with symptoms below diagnostic cutoff. The final case started treatment below the diagnostic cutoff on the primary outcome measure and showed a slight improvement. Six-month follow-up data showed maintenance of treatment effects. Transcripts from a semistructured telephone interview carried out by an independent researcher following treatment were analyzed using a 6-stage thematic analysis method, which identified 3 themes: the role of traumatic experiences, role of shame, and importance of therapeutic alliance. This article concludes with a discussion of implications for EMDR practice and theory.</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="399239">
                <text>EMDR with obsessive compulsive disorder – an Indian experience</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="399240">
                <text>In EMDR in the treatment of fears and phobias/eating disorders/borderline disorder (Derek Farrell, Chair). Presentation at the 2nd EMDR Asia International Conference, Manila, The Philippines</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="399242">
                <text>2014, January</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="399243">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="399244">
                <text>Conference</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="399248">
                <text>This is a history of a 35 yrs. old man who came with symptoms of OCD. He was initially treated with medication and CBT. He did show some improvement and was maintained on medication. He did not follow-up for a long time. He narrated an incident, which he believed had started it all, on his visit after 3 years. He was being treated by another psychiatrist. Client wanted to decrease the dosage of medicine. This was done and EMDR was tried on that incident. He showed a lot of improvement. Culture specific resources and cognitive interweaves were used. Medication was continued on a low dose. He did not follow-up for 2 years. When he did, the recovery was still maintained. He had continued low-dose medication, intermittently, without advice. The original memory was no longer bothering him.</text>
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        </elementContainer>
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    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1063">
        <name>Obsessive Compulsive Disorder</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1064">
        <name>OCD</name>
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