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                <text>Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and a related condition Olfactory Reference Syndrome (ORS) have been debated for over a century regarding their nosology and treatment.  Recent reviews suggest a variable response to various pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.  The effects of EMDR on such cases have not yet been sufficiently explored.  Here we present 18 cases of both these conditions with a high success rate using EMDR.  We explore the relationship between them and offer a hypothesis to explain the aetiology based on the Adaptive Information Processing Model (AIP). Key words: body dysmorphic disorder; olfactory reference syndrome: EMDR; AIP model.</text>
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                <text>There have been over five “gold standard” studies supporting the importance of routine measurement of outcome in clinical practice. However, no measures that take more than 5 minutes would appeal to clinicians. The Outcome Rating Scale (ORS or Child ORS) and the Session Rating Scale (SRS or Child SRS) are both four-item measures developed to track outcome and the therapeutic alliance, respectively. The measures have been tested and correlated to other reputable measures for their robust reliability, validity and most importantly feasibility. In addition, these measures are a clinical tool for the EMDR practitioner as, it takes under a minute to score and, it helps to focus each session on what is relevant for the client; giving us the opportunity to tailor and pace the protocol to a better” fit” for each particular client; offering us a chance to improve our drop out rates. Learning points: 1) Updated research information on the importance of using client’s feedback in everyday practice; 2) Introduction of brief measures that can have immediate application in your EMDR practice. 3) Learn about a system that can help you learn about and increase your effectiveness as a therapist in comparison to a normative data of thousands of practitioners. 4) How to download for free and to use routine outcome measures to monitor the quality of the therapeutic relationship and to inform the fit between the EMDR and the clients’ perceptions.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="331143">
                <text>EMDR and olfactory reference syndrome: A case series</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="331144">
                <text>Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(1), 63-68. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.1.63</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="331146">
                <text>2008</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="331149">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="331150">
                <text>Journal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="331154">
                <text>Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is an illness currently considered a delusional disorder under the DSM-IV criteria. Patients believe that they emit a foul odor, causing them great emotional distress and negative social consequences. Its etiology is inadequately understood, and there is generally a poor response to pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions. This article describes the treatment of four consecutive cases of ORS whose pathological symptoms had endured for 8-48 years. The administration of EMDR consisted of processing the various life experiences that appeared to cause and/or trigger the pathology. The EMDR sessions resulted in a complete resolution of symptoms in all four cases, which was maintained at follow-up. Given the rapid and sustained results, we offer a hypothesis based on the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model to explain the etiopathology and remission.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="51">
        <name>Adaptive Information Processing</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="52">
        <name>AIP</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3495">
        <name>Case Study</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3889">
        <name>Delusional Disorder</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3890">
        <name>Olfactory Reference Symptoms</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3891">
        <name>ORS</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1125">
        <name>Shame</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="31">
        <name>Trauma</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="36">
        <name>Treatment Effectiveness</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
