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                <text>Humans, as social mammals, are on a quest for safety. The need to feel safe is the prepotent survival related motivator impacting on all aspects of human experience by biasing thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Threat reactions not only disrupt cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions but also compromise the basic homeostatic physiological functions supporting health, growth, and restoration. Without feeling safe, the nervous system is unable to optimize the regulation of visceral organs with the consequential damage to organs leading to observable and diagnosable organ disease and failure. A profound need to survive triggers a complex genetically programmed portfolio of physiological reactions and behaviors to cues of threat and safety. The talk will illustrate that feeling safe has a physiological signature, which is a product of our evolutionary history in which the autonomic nervous system was repurposed to support sociality.</text>
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              <text>Wesselmann, D., &amp;amp; Potter, A. (2023, August). Enhancing EMDR therapy through a mentalizing and secure-based approach. Plenary presented at the at the 28th EMDR International Association Conference, Arlington, VA</text>
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                <text>Plenary presented at the at the 28th EMDR International Association Conference, Arlington, VA</text>
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                <text>Mentalization involves a state of mind in which an individual can observe and reflect upon the internal state of self and others with flexibility and lack of judgement. Mentalization naturally enhances clients’ capacity to utilize therapy, including EMDR. Conversely, low capacity for mentalization is associated with rigidity, judgments, defenses, and an inability to reflect upon the inner state of self and others, traits that naturally impede EMDR reprocessing. Research indicates that everyone is vulnerable to a non-mentalizing state when anxious or stressed, and yet, improving clients’ mentalizing capacity requires therapists to retain a mentalizing state for themselves. Participants will develop mentalizing responses to clients’ non-mentalizing words and behaviors during a practicum and will rehearse a self-help modification of an EMDR resource development protocol to assist them with retaining their own mentalizing state during therapy sessions in which they experience heightened anxiety.</text>
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                <text>Resilience is more than the ability to bounce back from adversity. It is a transformative process that reveals our inherent nobility, a rite of passage from pieces to peace. Resilient people face reality head-on, take action, find deeper meaning in life, laugh often, and are masters of improvisation. The good news is that resilience isn’t a generic gift for the lucky few. Modern psychology and neuroscience have clearly identified the attitudes and practices that support resilience. Both adults and children can learn these skills and help bring one another and our planet through the challenging times we live in.</text>
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                <text>The Art of EMDR is the dance between client and therapist involving attunement, synchrony, and resonance. It is expressed through optimal dual attention stimulation (DAS) and understanding clinical choice points that maximize processing. This workshop will focus on maximizing DAS and clinical choice points regarding interweaving vs. staying out of the way, “pushing through” or containment, or going with an emerging memory or back to target.</text>
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              <text>Korn, D. (2008, April). EMDR and treatment of complex PTSD and dissociation. Presentation at the 4th Western Mass EMDRIA Regional Network Spring Conference, Amherst, MA</text>
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                <text>This plenary will be divided into two parts. During the first past of the morning, we will examine the impact of early neglect, abuse, and attachment disruption on the development, functioning, and identity of an individual. We will review the range of dissociative presentations associated with complex and prolonged trauma and will discuss the challenges inherent in treating Complex PTSD and Dissociative Disorder clients. We'll address formal and informal assessment in the early stages of treatment and the value of developing a comprehensive EMDR-focused case conceptualization and treatment plan. General treatment concepts, incorporating the growing body of literature on attachment, affect tolerance, and management, dissociation, mindfulness, ego state work, and phase-oriented approaches, will be introduced and applied within an EMDR treatment framework. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During the second part of the morning, we will concentrate on translating critical treatment concepts into effective, goal-oriented interventions. We'll discuss EMDR Resource Development and Installation (RDI) and the importance of dyadic regulation and the modulations of hyper- and hypo-arousal in EMDR trauma processing. We'll also discuss strategies for helping clients to relinquish maladaptive defenses (particularly dissociation), allowing for the accessing and transformation of core affects and beliefs. Videotape segments from actual EMDR sessions will be used to highlight how key treatment concepts guide the moment to moment interactions between client and therapist at various stages of treatment,</text>
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                <text>Clinical practice and treatment guidelines have been published or are under development for PTSD and its complex and dissociative variants. These are based on best research evidence, clinical consensus, and client preference and values. This keynote will focus on complex trauma and dissociative clients and the need for treatment sequencing. It will provide an overview of the treatment guidance that is currently available (a guide to guidelines) for these conditions and for classic forms of PTSD and will compare and contrast them. Since EMDR has a robust evidence base for the treatment of PTSD, its applicability across the phases of treatment and the spectrum of clinical conditions will be emphasized.</text>
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                <text>Over the last decade, several theories have been put forward to explain the mechanism of action of EMDR, including Shapiro’s Accelerated Information Processing (AIP) model as well as models built around the concepts of working memory, de-arousal, the relaxation response, inter-hemispheric communication, and REM sleep mimicry, not to mention the nihilistic “it’s just exposure plus hand waving” hypothesis. In this session, we will present an overview of how such models can be evaluated, and then review each of them, asking what it can tell us both about how EMDR works and about the effects of eye movements in specific. Our own REM sleep mimicry model will be presented in more detail, and its fit with the AIP model examined.</text>
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                <text>The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study is a long term, in-depth, epidemiologic analysis of over 17,000 middle-aged, middle-class Americans, matching their current health status against 10 categories of adverse childhood experiences that occurred on average a half-century earlier. This ongoing collaborative effort by Kaiser Permanente and the CDC found that: •Adverse childhood experiences are surprisingly common although typically concealed and unrecognized because of time, shame, secrecy, and social taboo. •They still exert a profound effect 50 years later, although now transformed from life experience into organic disease and mental illness. •Adverse childhood experiences are the main determinant of the health and social well-being of the nation, as well as of adult medical care costs. •Integrating these findings into primary care medical practice appears to produce a significant reduction in medical care costs, and is surprisingly resisted. &lt;br /&gt;The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study thus has direct and important relevance to the practice of medicine and psychiatry, and to the field of social planning.</text>
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                <text>EMDR therapy directly addresses the physiologically stored memory networks that underlie both psychological problems and mental health. This adaptive information processing orientation to both case conceptualization and clinical application will be explored in relation to diverse populations. The latest research evaluating both treatment outcomes and underlying mechanisms will be addressed. In addition, clinical cases and questions collected from participants will be used to illustrate the ways in which EMDR can be applied.</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="366036">
                <text>What the adaptive information processing model brings to the assessment and treatment of dissociative disorders</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="366037">
                <text>Plenary presented at the 15th EMDR International Association Conference, Minneapolis, MN</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="366046">
                <text>Clients with a dissociative personality structure can be very vulnerable to dissociative abreaction – i.e. “reliving” the trauma with intense disturbance while experiencing a loss of present orientation and safety. In addition, a client who has repeatedly experienced this type of traumatic intrusion is likely to have developed complex psychological defenses. This presentation will include the description of certain AIP “tools” that can be used to help dissociative clients who have strong phobic fears of their own post-traumatic material and who have developed additional mental actions to prevent the emergence of that troubling material. These “tools” will be illustrated with brief session transcripts and video segments.</text>
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          <description>dc_creator</description>
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              <text>Colin Ross</text>
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          <name>Year</name>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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          <name>Subjects</name>
          <description>emdr_subject</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="365834">
              <text>Dissociation, Plenary, Psychobiology</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="113">
          <name>Accuracy Verified?</name>
          <description>emdr_accuracy</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="365835">
              <text>Yes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Archived</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="365836">
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          <name>Original Work Citation</name>
          <description>spec_citation</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="365838">
              <text>Ross, C. (2010, September/October). Psychobiology of dissociation. Plenary presented at the 15th EMDR International Association Conference, Minneapolis, MN</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="365827">
                <text>Psychobiology of dissociation</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="365828">
                <text>Plenary presented at the 15th EMDR International Association Conference, Minneapolis, MN</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="365830">
                <text>2010, September/October</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="365832">
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="365837">
                <text>The session will: explain four different meanings of the word “dissociation" and clarify which ones are relevant to the psychobiology of dissociation; review the structural model of dissociation and how it unifies the dissociative disorders and PTSD; and describe examples of dissociations between declarative and procedural memory from neurology and experimental cognitive psychology. Most of the session will focus on existing and future research on the biology of dissociation from a trauma perspective. Data on hippocampal volume reduction, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and other biological systems will be reviewed.</text>
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      <tag tagId="567">
        <name>Dissociation</name>
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        <name>Psychobiology</name>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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          <name>Document #</name>
          <description>emdr_doc_ID</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="365643">
              <text>06859&lt;br /&gt;06859A (2)</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="117">
          <name>Author(s)</name>
          <description>dc_creator</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="365644">
              <text>Onno van der Hart</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Year</name>
          <description>emdr_year</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="365647">
              <text>2010</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Link to Source (e.g. Association, Publisher)</name>
          <description>emdr_source_link</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="365649">
              <text>http://www.emdria.org/</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="104">
          <name>Subjects</name>
          <description>emdr_subject</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="365652">
              <text>Chronic Traumatization, Plenary</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="113">
          <name>Accuracy Verified?</name>
          <description>emdr_accuracy</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="365653">
              <text>Yes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Archived</name>
          <description>emdr_archived</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="365654">
              <text>Yes</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="116">
          <name>Original Work Citation</name>
          <description>spec_citation</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="365656">
              <text>van der Hart, O. (2010, September/October). Dissociation of the personality: The key to understanding chronic traumatization and its treatment. Plenary presented at the 15th EMDR International Association Conference, Minneapolis, MN</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="365645">
                <text>Dissociation of the personality: The key to understanding chronic traumatization and its treatment</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="365646">
                <text>Plenary presented at the 15th EMDR International Association Conference, Minneapolis, MN</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="365648">
                <text>2010, September/October</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="365650">
                <text>English</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="365651">
                <text>Conference</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="365655">
                <text>EMDR treatment of complex trauma-related disorders may benefit from a clear understanding of the dissociative nature of these disorders. Dissociation is an undue division of the personality among two or more psychobiological systems or “dissociative parts” that comprise the survivor’s personality. One or more of them function in daily life; others are fixated in traumatic experiences. The more severe the traumatization, the more dissociative parts, involving more complex trauma-related disorders, can be expected to exist. Dissociative parts have psychobiological boundaries that are maintained, to a large degree, by different trauma-related phobias, which should be systematically resolved in phase-oriented treatment. Participants will be able to describe structural dissociation of the personality as a specific form of integrative failure that needs to be overcome in phase-oriented treatment, identify ways of relating dissociative symptoms to the underlying dissociation of the personality, and identify targets for EMDR interventions in each of the three treatment phases in terms of overcoming specific phobias.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1161">
        <name>Personality Disorder</name>
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      <tag tagId="582">
        <name>Plenary</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="31">
        <name>Trauma</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
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  <item itemId="19952" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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      <name>Conference</name>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Document #</name>
          <description>emdr_doc_ID</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="363135">
              <text>06601</text>
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          <name>Author(s)</name>
          <description>dc_creator</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="363136">
              <text>Hellen Hornsveld</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Year</name>
          <description>emdr_year</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="363139">
              <text>2010</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Link to Source (e.g. Association, Publisher)</name>
          <description>emdr_source_link</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="363141">
              <text>http://www.emdr.nl/</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="104">
          <name>Subjects</name>
          <description>emdr_subject</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="363144">
              <text>Eye Movements, Plenary</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="113">
          <name>Accuracy Verified?</name>
          <description>emdr_accuracy</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="363145">
              <text>Yes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Archived</name>
          <description>emdr_archived</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="363146">
              <text>Yes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="116">
          <name>Original Work Citation</name>
          <description>spec_citation</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="363147">
              <text>Hornsveld, H. (2010, April). [Effectiveness eye movements supported by recent research, but no clicks. What does this mean for practice?]. Plenary presented at the 4th Vereniging EMDR Nederland Conference, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Dutch</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="363137">
                <text>Effectiviteit oogbewegingen door recent onderzoek ondersteund, maar klikjes niet. Wat betekent dit voor de praktijk? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Effectiveness eye movements supported by recent research, but no clicks. What does this mean for practice?</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="363138">
                <text>Plenary presented at the 4th Vereniging EMDR Nederland Conference, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="363140">
                <text>2010, April</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="363142">
                <text>Dutch</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="363143">
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              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="231">
        <name>Eye Movements</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="582">
        <name>Plenary</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
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  <item itemId="19951" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <description>dc_creator</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Year</name>
          <description>emdr_year</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="363126">
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          <description>emdr_source_link</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
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            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="104">
          <name>Subjects</name>
          <description>emdr_subject</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="363131">
              <text>Negative Cognition, Plenary</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="113">
          <name>Accuracy Verified?</name>
          <description>emdr_accuracy</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="363132">
              <text>Yes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Archived</name>
          <description>emdr_archived</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="363133">
              <text>No.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="116">
          <name>Original Work Citation</name>
          <description>spec_citation</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="363134">
              <text>Meijer, S. (2010, April). [The most common negative cognition "I am powerless functional or dysfunctional?]. Plenary presented at the 4th Vereniging EMDR Nederland Conference, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Dutch</text>
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        </element>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="363124">
                <text>Is de meest gebruikte negatieve cognitie “Ik ben machteloos” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The most common negative cognition "I am powerless functional or dysfunctional?</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="363125">
                <text>Plenary presented at the 4th Vereniging EMDR Nederland Conference, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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                <text>Lo status attuale dell’EMDR nel mondo della psicoterapia è sempre in evoluzione, nonostante gli sviluppi positivi degli ultimi 10 anni. Le sfide arrivano dal campo del trattamento del trauma sia nell’ambito dell’EMDR che dal mondo accademico della Psicologia e della Psicoterapia. Queste sfide potrebbero aiutare a cambiare il corso del-l’EMDR e a portarlo a svilupparsi con modalità nuove ed entusiasmanti. La presentazione si focalizzerà sulle grandi possibilità che la comunità EMDR possiede per far diventare l’EMDR il metodo multidisciplinario di cambiamento del 21° secolo, sia nell’ambito della psicoterapia tradizionale (Salute Mentale) che in altri campi come la Medicina, l’Educazione, lo Sport e il Lavoro. Altri aspetti che verranno affrontati sono quelli della formazione e accreditamento dei professionisti che applicano l’EMDR in Europa e a livello internazionale. Durante la presentazione si analizzeranno le modalità con cui il terapeuta EMDR così come il ricercatore possono lavorare per far realizzare la visione non solo del ruolo, ma anche del contributo che può dare in futuro l’EMDR alla psicoterapia. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The present status in the world of psychotherapy, EMDR is always evolving, despite the positive developments of the last 10 years. The challenges come from the field of treatment of trauma is EMDR in which the academic world of psychology and psychotherapy. These challenges could help change the course of l'EMDR-and help them develop ways new and exciting. The presentation will focus on the great opportunities that the community has to EMDR become the EMDR method multidisciplinary change in the 21st century, both within the traditional psychotherapy (mental health) than in other fields such as medicine, education, the Sport and Work. Other issues to be addressed are those of training and accreditation of professionals applying EMDR in Europe and internationally. During the presentation will analyze the ways in which the therapist as well as EMDR Researchers can work to achieve the vision not only of the role, but also the contribution that can give in the future EMDR psychotherapy.</text>
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              <text>Letizia Bossini&lt;br /&gt;Maricla Tavanti&lt;br /&gt;Aara Calossi&lt;br /&gt;Daniela Marino &lt;br /&gt;Fulvio Pieraccini&lt;br /&gt;Gianpaolo Vatti&lt;br /&gt;Paolo Castrogiovanni</text>
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              <text>Bossini, L., Tavanti, M., Calossi, S., Marino, G., Pieraccini, F., Vatti, G., &amp;amp; Castrogiovanni, P. (2008, November). [EMDR treatment for PTSD: effect on hippocampal volume]. Plenary presented at the Italian EMDR Association, Milan, Italy</text>
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                <text>Le modificazioni del volume hippocampale dopo una terapia con EMDR nel PTSD &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;EMDR treatment for PTSD: effect on hippocampal volume</text>
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                <text>Molti studi di Risonanza Magnetica (RM) hanno mostrato che in pazienti con Disturbo Post-Traumatico da Stress (DPTS) è presente un volume ippocampale più piccolo se confrontato con i controlli sani. Allo stesso tempo altre indagini hanno mostrato che i farmaci psichiatrici bloccano gli effetti dello stress nell’ippocampo e promuovano la neurogenesi a livello ippocampale. Comunque il solo studio che ha investigato gli effetti di un tipo di psicoterapia non ha evidenziato modificazioni volumetriche significative (1). Scopo dello Studio: Scopo dello studio è indagare gli effetti del trattamento con EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) sul volume ippocampale e sui sintomi clinici di un gruppo di pazienti con DPTS. Metodologia: Abbiamo paragonato gli ippocampi di 9 pazienti con DPTS cronico e mai sottoposti ad alcun tipo di terapia (farmacologica e/o psicoterapica) a 9 soggetti sani accoppiati per sesso, età e scolarità. La diagnosi e la severità del DPTS è stata misurata tramite la Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) (Fase 1). Successivamente tutti i soggetti con DPTS sono stati sottoposti a 12 sedute settimanali di EMDR della durata di 90 minuti ciascuna e nuovamente sottoposti a valutazione clinica e RM (Fase 2). Risultati: Fase 1 - E’ stata scelta una p inferiore di .05 per indicare la significatività statistica. L’analisi della covarianza (ANCOVA) con l’emisfero (ippocampo sinistro vs. ippocampo destro) come fattore ripetuto, il volume totale cerebrale come covariata ha mostrato che i soggetti con DPTS hanno il volume ippocampale più piccolo rispetto ai controlli (F=12.53, d.f=1,15, p=.003). La media del punteggio della CAPS nei soggetti con DPTS era 55.78 ± 21.74. Fase 2 - Il trattamento con EMDR è associate ad un incremento del volume ippocampale sia a destra (5.9 %) (t=-3.34, df=8, p=.010) sia a sinistra (6.1 %) (t=-3.27, df=8, p=.011). I risultati indicano anche che il trattamento con EMDR produce un significativo decremento del punteggio totale della CAPS (da 55.78±21.74 a 19.33±15.49; t=4.78, df=8, p=.001 Conclusioni: La prima parte dello studio conferma i dati che mostrano che i soggetti con DPTS hanno un ippocampo più piccolo dei controlli sani La seconda parte suggerisce che il trattamento con EMDR può essere associato ad un miglioramento sintomatologico e ad un incremento del volume degli ippocampi. Questi risultati suggeriscono l’opportunità di continuare ad indagare gli effetti biologici delle psicoterapie. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Many studies of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed that in patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a smaller hippocampal volume compared with healthy controls. At the same time other studies have shown that psychiatric drugs block the effects of stress and promote hippocampus neurogenesis in the hippocampus. However, the only study that investigated the effects of a type of psychotherapy showed no significant volume changes (1). Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of treatment with EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) on hippocampal volume and clinical symptoms of a group of patients with PTSD. Methods: We compared the hippocampi of nine patients with chronic PTSD and never subjected to any kind of treatment (pharmacological and / or psychotherapy) in 9 healthy subjects matched for sex, age and education. The diagnosis and severity of PTSD was measured by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) (Phase 1). Then all subjects with PTSD were subjected to 12 weekly sessions of EMDR lasting 90 minutes each and again subjected to clinical evaluation and MRI (Phase 2). Results: Step 1 - E 'was chosen p less than .05 to indicate statistical significance. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with hemisphere (left vs. hippocampus. Right hippocampus) as repeated factor, the total brain volume as covariate showed that individuals with PTSD have smaller hippocampal volume than controls (F = 12:53 , df = 1.15, p =. 003). The average score of the CAPS in subjects with PTSD was 55.78 ± 21.74. Step 2 - Treatment with EMDR is associated with an increase in both right hippocampal volume (5.9%) (t =- 3:34, df = 8, p =. 010) and left (6.1%) (t =- 3.27, df = 8, p =. 011). The results also indicate that treatment with EMDR produces a significant decrease in the CAPS total score (from 21.74 to 55.78 ± 19:33 15:49 ± t = 4.78, df = 8, p =. 001 Conclusion: The first part of the study confirms the data showing that individuals with PTSD have a smaller hippocampus of healthy controls The second part suggests that treatment with EMDR may be associated with symptomatic improvement and an increase in the volume of the hippocampus. These results suggest the desirability of continuing to investigate the biological effects of psychotherapy.</text>
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                <text>Questa relazione descrive l’applicazione dell’EMDR come trattamento precoce focalizzato sul trauma rivolto a bambini coinvolti in diastri collettivi (disastri naturali, incidenti e provocato in modo intenzionale dalla mano dell’uomo). Il trattamento con EMDR in tutti questi casi è stato parte di un intervento con questa popolazione ed è stato il trattamento di elezione di bambini in età scolastica che erano stati i più esposti a eventi traumatici. In molti di questi casi, 3 cicli di sedute di EMDR sono stati organizzati ad un mese, a tre mesi e ad un anno dall’evento critico. I bambini hanno avuto delle sedute individuali nella maggior parte dei casi dato che avevano avuto una grave traumatizzazione, unite al lutto, dove avevano vissuto una minaccia alla propria vita e la perdita di amici e fratelli. Il supporto psicologico e il trattamento EMDR sono stati forniti anche ai genitori, al personale scolastico e questo aspetto è stato di fondamentale importanza negli ultimi interventi per rafforzare e mantenere i risultati nei bambini. I risultati di questionari e delle interviste cliniche per valutare la sintomatologia post-traumatica prima e dopo il trattamento verranno descritti durante la presentazione insieme ai dati del follow-up. Il gruppo trattato dimostra un miglioramento significativo dopo il trattamento con EMDR. L’analisi statistica dei risultati sarà descritta in modo approfondito. Durante la relazione verranno sottolineati gli aspetti clinici dell’applicazione dell’EMDR con i bambini dopo un trauma recente particolarmente grave. Le reazioni post-traumatiche di questo gruppo in età evolutiva sono state valutate, misurate e hanno dato delle informazioni rilevanti per questo campo di applicazione. Il trattamento EMDR con i genitori e con altri adulti coinvolti nel disastro e che era a contatto con i bambini si è rivelato un intervento chiave per quanto riguarda la sintomatologia dei bambini. A conclusione verranno presentate delle linee guida e delle indicazioni per la strutturazione di interventi sulla base di questi studi sul campo. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This report describes the application of EMDR as early treatment focused on trauma facing children involved in mass disasters (natural disasters, accidents and pollution in intentionally by man). Treatment with EMDR in all these cases was part of an intervention with this population and was the treatment of choice for school-age children who were most exposed to events traumatic. In many of these cases, 3 cycles of EMDR sessions were held one month, three months and one year after the event critical. The children have had some individual sessions in most cases because they had severe trauma, united in mourning, where they had lived a threat to his life and the loss of friends and brothers. Psychological support and treatment EMDR was provided to parents, staff school and this aspect was of paramount importance in recent efforts to reinforce and keep the results in children. The results of questionnaires and clinical interviews to assess the symptoms post trauma before and after treatment will be described during the presentation along with the data of follow-up. The treated group demonstrated significant improvement after treatment with EMDR. The statistical analysis of results will be described in detail. The report will be highlighted during the clinical application of EMDR with children after a recent trauma particularly serious. Post-traumatic reactions of this growing age group were assessed, measured and have information relevant to this scope. EMDR treatment with parents and other adults involved in disaster and who was in contact with children has proved a key intervention regarding symptoms of children. A conclusion will discuss the guidelines and indications for the structuring of interventions based on these field studies.</text>
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                <text>In 1989, the seminal randomized controlled study on EMD appeared in the Journal of Traumatic Stress. However, by the time the first trainings began in the US in 1990, the principles now known as the Adaptive Information Processing model were guiding the development of the procedures and protocols, which in 1991, were officially renamed EMDR. All participants in these early trainings and in the years following were introduced to the hypothesis that most pathology emerges from unprocessed memories of earlier life experiences (AKA “small t trauma”) and that targeting and processing these experiences could provide the basis of efficient and effective treatment outcomes. These predictions have been supported in the widespread use of EMDR. Consequently, we have much to learn from examining these treatment effects, starting with the first published report in 1991 of the elimination of a delusional state, through the myriad applications that have been reported to date. This presentation will review a variety of these clinical reports and explore their implications for current and future EMDR practice.</text>
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                <text>This seminar will describe particular means to strengthen the somatic component of the EMDR Protocol for clients that have the following characteristics: dissociation from the body, ungrounded, unable to feel somatic sensations and impulses, lack of a somatic sense of self due to developmental or traumatic wounding, disconnection from feelings of physical strength, ability to defend oneself, pleasure or power in the body. We will look at different kinds of somatic resources: groundedness, boundaries, defensive musculature, centering, and physical empowerment. We will also look at using somatic resourcing with an expanded standard and/or RDI protocol to be utilized while evoking state specific trauma processing and without evoking state specific trauma processing.</text>
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                <text>The use of EMDR is often complicated with traumatized clients who cannot modulate arousal, stay present rather than dissociating, tolerate positive or negative affect, or differentiate past and present. Beset with an array of baffling, intense symptoms that “tell the story” without words, they become uncertain both of what happened and how they endured it. These clients often rely upon trauma-related cognitive schemas to interpret their experience. This plenary will introduce a number of interventions for working with traumatically encoded somatic experience derived from Sensorimotor Psychotherapy (SP), a body-centered talking therapy for trauma developed by Pat Ogden, Ph.D. SP offers simple body-oriented interventions for tracking, naming, and exploring trauma-related experience, modulating a dysregulated autonomic nervous system, creating new resources and competencies, and restoring a somatic sense of self. SP can be easily integrated into EMDR.</text>
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                <text>Attachment theory has identified adults with a secure attachment style as more resilient to stress and trauma than insecurely attached adults. The secure adult tends to have supportive relationships which buffer him from stress (Bowlby, 1988), and he is able to reflect upon his inner state and process emotions without becoming overwhelmed (Fonagy, 2000; van der Kolk 1996). In infancy secure attachment is related to the capacity to be soothed and comforted by the caregiver. The caregivers of secure infants are observed to be emotionally attuned, responsive and nurturing (Solomon &amp;amp; George, 1999). Schore (1996) explains that mothers of secure babies synchronize with the infant. The mother's organized brain synchronizes or harmonizes with the baby's disorganized brain, attuning to its feelings and needs, helping it calm when distressed and stay regulated when it is happy and excited. As a result, the infant's brain develops optimal circuitry for emotion regulation, and also learns through experience to trust and be comforted and to comfort himself. His basic sense of safety and trust gives him confidence as he begins leaving his parent's side and exploring the world.</text>
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                <text>Mindful awareness has been scientifically proven to promote social, emotional and physical well-being and is an effective part of psychotherapy practice. Research has demonstrated that mindful awareness is useful in the prevention of relapse of drug addiction and chronic depression, and in the treatment of anxiety and borderline personality disorder. This ancient practice of being fully aware in the present moment, without grasping onto judgments, has been found in cultures throughout the world. This lecture will explore the possible ways in which mindfulness may actually work to enrich our lives and be a part of EMDR and effective psychotherapy. The state of mindful awareness harnesses specific social and emotional circuits in the brain. With practice, this receptive state of mindfulness becomes a trait of resilience. The development of these “resonance circuits” creates an integrated brain state that creates the benefits of improved immune and cardiac function, enhanced empathy and self-understanding, and a deeper connection to oneself and others.</text>
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                <text>Despite a large number of well-controlled studies there continues to be considerable skepticism about the specificity of EMDR's usefulness at a treatment of PTSD. It therefore was gratifying that the National institutes of Mental Health in the USA funded the first study to compare a proven psychological treatment (EMDR) with a proven pharmacological agent, Prozac, and the first to use a pill placebo group. Both Prozac and pill placebo did very well in this study - once again demonstrating the power of the placebo response in PTSD. EMDR did significantly better than the placebo after 8 weeks of treatment. After the end of treatment the EMDR group continued to improve, to the point that six months later 60% of the EMDR was entirely asymptomatic, compared with none in the Prozac group. However, the group with adult onset trauma did markedly better than the childhood onset group. The data on how EMDR differentially affected memory of the trauma give another glimpse into possible modes of action of this treatment. This Plenary will discuss issues of research, treatment outcome, the therapeutic relationship, the Impact of trauma at different levels of development, the nature of traumatic memory, and the emerging understanding of how EMDR may effect its therapeutic action.</text>
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                <text>In 2004, fifteen years after Dr. Shapiro first published on EMDR, the role of eye movements (and other stimulation) in EMDR continues to be a subject of much debate. An overview of what practitioners need to know to understand the research that addresses this issue will be provided. Following this, the research investigating the role of eye movements will be presented and the theories that currently have the most research will be described.</text>
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                <text>EMDR stimulates the body to heal the mind. Progress in neuroscience and recent clinical studies are shedding light on how mind and body affect each other. The central mechanism of healing is homeostasis: the body's ability to return to balance when provided with basic biological needs. This talk will review mind-body interactions in relation to emotional healing and how they translate into treatment interventions.</text>
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