<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://francineshapirolibrary.omeka.net/items/browse?tags=Self+Concept&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CCreator&amp;sort_dir=a&amp;output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-09-14T10:52:39-04:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>1</pageNumber>
      <perPage>50</perPage>
      <totalResults>9</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="15422" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="462002">
                  <text>EMDR Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="19">
      <name>Journal</name>
      <description/>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Document #</name>
          <description>emdr_doc_ID</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="299803">
              <text>00147</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="117">
          <name>Author(s)</name>
          <description>dc_creator</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="299804">
              <text>JoAn Rittenhouse</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Year</name>
          <description>emdr_year</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="299807">
              <text>2000</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="111">
          <name>Link to Document (e.g. DOI, PDF)</name>
          <description>emdr_title_link</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="299809">
              <text>&lt;a href="http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=buy.optionToBuy&amp;amp;id=2000-02819-006"&gt;http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=buy.optionToBuy&amp;amp;id=2000-02819-006&lt;/a&gt;</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Link to Source (e.g. Association, Publisher)</name>
          <description>emdr_source_link</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="299810">
              <text>http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/cdp/index.aspx</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="104">
          <name>Subjects</name>
          <description>emdr_subject</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="299813">
              <text>Assault, Battery, Case Report, Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Complex PTSD, C-PSTD, Cross Cultural Treatment, Empirical Study , European Americans, Females, Mexican Americans, Persecution, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Psychotherapy, PTSD, Rural Populations, Self Concept, Self Esteem, Survivors, Teacher</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="113">
          <name>Accuracy Verified?</name>
          <description>emdr_accuracy</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="299814">
              <text>Yes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Archived</name>
          <description>emdr_archived</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="299815">
              <text>Yes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="116">
          <name>Original Work Citation</name>
          <description>spec_citation</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="299817">
              <text>Rittenhouse, J. (2000, November). &lt;a href="http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=buy.optionToBuy&amp;amp;id=2000-02819-006"&gt;Using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing to treat complex PTSD in a biracial client. &lt;/a&gt;Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 6(4), 399-408</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="299805">
                <text>Using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing to treat complex PTSD in a biracial client</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="299806">
                <text>Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 6(4), 399-408</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="299808">
                <text>2000, November</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="299811">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="299812">
                <text>Journal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="299816">
                <text>A biracial client's recovery from PTSD through the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is discussed to illustrate the interaction between ethnicity and phenotype as well as diagnosis and treatment considerations. This case explains a woman's experience of discrimination in and out of her home and her vulnerability to complex PTSD, and it documents the importance of the therapy focusing on experiences of discrimination and prejudice as well as abuse. It shows how the client structures her environment in a personally creative fashion to include representative features of various aspects of her identity, by her choice of where and who she teaches as well as how and with whome she spends her free time.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="366">
        <name>Assaults</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="249">
        <name>Battery</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="603">
        <name>C-PTSD</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3495">
        <name>Case Study</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="367">
        <name>Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="368">
        <name>Complex PTSD</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="370">
        <name>Cross Cultural Treatment</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="123">
        <name>Empirical Study</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="14447">
        <name>European Americans</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="372">
        <name>Mexican American</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="10">
        <name>Persecution</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="11">
        <name>Posttraumatic Stress Disorder</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="79">
        <name>Psychotherapy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="13">
        <name>PTSD</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="13456">
        <name>Rural Population</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="374">
        <name>Self Concept</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="375">
        <name>Self Esteem</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="14464">
        <name>Teachers</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="16520" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="462002">
                  <text>EMDR Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="21">
      <name>Conference</name>
      <description/>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Document #</name>
          <description>emdr_doc_ID</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="315223">
              <text>01548&lt;br /&gt;01548A (2)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="117">
          <name>Author(s)</name>
          <description>dc_creator</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="315224">
              <text>Francine Shapiro</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Year</name>
          <description>emdr_year</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="315227">
              <text>2004</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Link to Source (e.g. Association, Publisher)</name>
          <description>emdr_source_link</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="315229">
              <text>http://www.emdria.org/</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="104">
          <name>Subjects</name>
          <description>emdr_subject</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="315232">
              <text>Adaptive Information Processing Model, Adolescents, AIP, Females, Memories, Cognitive Processes, Family Systems Therapy, Integrative Psychotherapy, Psychotherapeutic Processes, Self Concept</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="113">
          <name>Accuracy Verified?</name>
          <description>emdr_accuracy</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="315233">
              <text>Yes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Archived</name>
          <description>emdr_archived</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="315234">
              <text>Yes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="116">
          <name>Original Work Citation</name>
          <description>spec_citation</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="315236">
              <text>Shapiro, F. (2004, September). Adaptive information processing: EMDR clinical applications and case conceptualizations. Presentation at the 9th EMDR International Association Conference, Montreal, QC</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="315225">
                <text>Adaptive information processing:  EMDR clinical applications and case conceptualizations</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="315226">
                <text>Presentation at the 9th EMDR International Association Conference, Montreal, QC</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="315228">
                <text>2004, September</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="315230">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="315231">
                <text>Conference</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="315235">
                <text>EMDR is guided by the Adaptive Information Procesing paradigm, which differentiates it from other forms of psychotherapy. The implications of this paradigm will be explored in relation to a variety of recent clinical case studies and research reports. Questions from participants will be used to explore potential clinical applications, and to hone case conceptualization skills.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="51">
        <name>Adaptive Information Processing</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="13537">
        <name>Adolescents</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="52">
        <name>AIP</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="288">
        <name>Cognitive Processes</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1615">
        <name>Family Systems Therapy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1531">
        <name>Integrative Psychotherapy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2236">
        <name>Memories</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="12">
        <name>Psychotherapeutic Processes</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="374">
        <name>Self Concept</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="16581" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="462002">
                  <text>EMDR Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="19">
      <name>Journal</name>
      <description/>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Document #</name>
          <description>emdr_doc_ID</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="316080">
              <text>01612</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="117">
          <name>Author(s)</name>
          <description>dc_creator</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="316081">
              <text>Alan Hassard</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Year</name>
          <description>emdr_year</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="316084">
              <text>1993</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="111">
          <name>Link to Document (e.g. DOI, PDF)</name>
          <description>emdr_title_link</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="316086">
              <text>&lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0141347300018127"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0141347300018127&lt;/a&gt;</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Link to Source (e.g. Association, Publisher)</name>
          <description>emdr_source_link</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="316087">
              <text>http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BCP</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="104">
          <name>Subjects</name>
          <description>emdr_subject</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="316090">
              <text>Adults, Case Report, Disfigurement, Females, Physical Pain, Self Concept, Surgical Procedures, Survivors</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="113">
          <name>Accuracy Verified?</name>
          <description>emdr_accuracy</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="316091">
              <text>Yes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Archived</name>
          <description>emdr_archived</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="316092">
              <text>Yes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="116">
          <name>Original Work Citation</name>
          <description>spec_citation</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="316094">
              <text>Hassard, A. (1993). &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0141347300018127"&gt;Eye movement desensitization of body image.&lt;/a&gt; Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 21(2), 157-160. doi:10.1017/S0141347300018127</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="316082">
                <text>Eye movement desensitization of body image</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="316083">
                <text>Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 21(2), 157-160. doi:10.1017/S0141347300018127</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="316085">
                <text>1993</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="316088">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="316089">
                <text>Journal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="316093">
                <text>This single case history reports the use of eye movement desensitization, a new cognitive therapy procedure originally developed for PTSD and similar problems, to treat anxieties and body image problems resulting from operation scars and a degree of physical disability. The procedure was effective within one session and subsequent improvements in behaviour and cognitions reported.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="3495">
        <name>Case Study</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2094">
        <name>Disfigurement</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="57">
        <name>Physical Pain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="374">
        <name>Self Concept</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="14455">
        <name>Surgical Procedures</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="16708" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="462002">
                  <text>EMDR Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="21">
      <name>Conference</name>
      <description/>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Document #</name>
          <description>emdr_doc_ID</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="317863">
              <text>01754</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="117">
          <name>Author(s)</name>
          <description>dc_creator</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="317864">
              <text>Francine Shapiro</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Year</name>
          <description>emdr_year</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="317867">
              <text>2003</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Link to Source (e.g. Association, Publisher)</name>
          <description>emdr_source_link</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="317869">
              <text>http://www.emdria.org/</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="104">
          <name>Subjects</name>
          <description>emdr_subject</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="317872">
              <text>Adaptive Information Processing Model, Adolescents, Cognitive Processes, AIP, Cognitive Processes, Family Systems Therapy, Females, Integrative Psychotherapy, Memories, Plenary, Psychotherapeutic Processes, Self Concept</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="113">
          <name>Accuracy Verified?</name>
          <description>emdr_accuracy</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="317873">
              <text>Yes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Archived</name>
          <description>emdr_archived</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="317874">
              <text>Yes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="116">
          <name>Original Work Citation</name>
          <description>spec_citation</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="317876">
              <text>Shapiro, F. (2003, September). Adaptive information processing and case conceptualization. Plenary presented at the 8th EMDR International Association Conference, Denver, CO</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317865">
                <text>Adaptive information processing and case conceptualization</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317866">
                <text>Plenary presented at the 8th EMDR International Association Conference, Denver, CO</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317868">
                <text>2003, September</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317870">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317871">
                <text>Conference</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317875">
                <text>EMDR is guided by the Adaptive Information Processing paradigm, which differentiates it from other forms of psychotherapy. The model was formulated to describe clinical phenomena observed in EMDR, successfully predict treatment effects, and guide clinical practice. These principles, along with EMDR protocols, and procedures will be used to evaluate various trends in EMDR clinical practice. Clinical cases and questions collected from particlpants will be used to illustrate the ways in which EMDR can be applied.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="51">
        <name>Adaptive Information Processing</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="13537">
        <name>Adolescents</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="52">
        <name>AIP</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="288">
        <name>Cognitive Processes</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1615">
        <name>Family Systems Therapy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1531">
        <name>Integrative Psychotherapy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2236">
        <name>Memories</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="582">
        <name>Plenary</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="12">
        <name>Psychotherapeutic Processes</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="374">
        <name>Self Concept</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="16941" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="462002">
                  <text>EMDR Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="21">
      <name>Conference</name>
      <description/>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Document #</name>
          <description>emdr_doc_ID</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="321138">
              <text>02014</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="117">
          <name>Author(s)</name>
          <description>dc_creator</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="321139">
              <text>Francine Shapiro</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Year</name>
          <description>emdr_year</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="321142">
              <text>2005</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Link to Source (e.g. Association, Publisher)</name>
          <description>emdr_source_link</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="321144">
              <text>http://www.emdr-europe.org/</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="104">
          <name>Subjects</name>
          <description>emdr_subject</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="321147">
              <text>Adaptive Information Processing Model, Adolescents, AIP, Cognitive Processes, Family Systems Therapy, Females, Integrative Psychotherapy, Keynote, Memories, Psychotherapeutic Processes, Self Concept</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="113">
          <name>Accuracy Verified?</name>
          <description>emdr_accuracy</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="321148">
              <text>Yes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Archived</name>
          <description>emdr_archived</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="321149">
              <text>Yes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="116">
          <name>Original Work Citation</name>
          <description>spec_citation</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="321151">
              <text>Shapiro, F. (2005, June). Adaptive information processing and case conceptualization. Keynote presented at the 6th EMDR Europe Association Conference, Brussels, Belgium</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321140">
                <text>Adaptive information processing and case conceptualization</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321141">
                <text>Keynote presented at the 6th EMDR Europe Association Conference, Brussels, Belgium</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321143">
                <text>2005, June</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321145">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321146">
                <text>Conference</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321150">
                <text>EMDR is guided by the Adaptive Information Processing paradigm, which differentiates it from other forms of psychotherapy. The model was formulated to describe clinical phenomena observed in EMDR, successfully predict treatment effects, and guide clinical practice. These principles, along with EMDR protocols and procedures will be used to discuss a wide range of clinical applications, ranging from acute through chronic and complex conditions.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="51">
        <name>Adaptive Information Processing</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="13537">
        <name>Adolescents</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="52">
        <name>AIP</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="288">
        <name>Cognitive Processes</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1615">
        <name>Family Systems Therapy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1531">
        <name>Integrative Psychotherapy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="566">
        <name>Keynote</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2236">
        <name>Memories</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="12">
        <name>Psychotherapeutic Processes</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="374">
        <name>Self Concept</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="17471" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="462002">
                  <text>EMDR Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="22">
      <name>Book Section</name>
      <description/>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Document #</name>
          <description>emdr_doc_ID</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328685">
              <text>02825</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="117">
          <name>Author(s)</name>
          <description>dc_creator</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328686">
              <text>Silke Vogelmann-Sine</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Year</name>
          <description>emdr_year</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328689">
              <text>1998</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="111">
          <name>Link to Document (e.g. DOI, PDF)</name>
          <description>emdr_title_link</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328691">
              <text>&lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/Extending-EMDR-Casebook-Innovative-Applications/dp/0393702669/"&gt;http://www.amazon.com/Extending-EMDR-Casebook-Innovative-Applications/dp/0393702669/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="104">
          <name>Subjects</name>
          <description>emdr_subject</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328694">
              <text>Adults, Americans, Case Report, Child Abuse, Females, Life Experiences, Neglect, Psychotherapeutic Processes, Self Concept, Survivors, Treatment Effectiveness</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="113">
          <name>Accuracy Verified?</name>
          <description>emdr_accuracy</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328695">
              <text>Yes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Archived</name>
          <description>emdr_archived</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328696">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="116">
          <name>Original Work Citation</name>
          <description>spec_citation</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328698">
              <text>Vogelmann-Sine, S. (1998)&lt;a&gt;. Healing hidden pain: Resolving the effects of childhood abuse and neglect. I&lt;/a&gt;n P. Manfield (Ed.), &lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/Extending-EMDR-Casebook-Innovative-Applications/dp/0393702669/"&gt;Extending EMDR: A casebook of innovative applications &lt;/a&gt;(1st ed.) (pp. 167-190). New York, NY: W. W. Norton</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="328687">
                <text>Healing hidden pain: Resolving the effects of childhood abuse and neglect</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="328688">
                <text>In P. Manfield (Ed.), Extending EMDR: A casebook of innovative applications (1st ed.) (pp. 167-190). New York, NY: W. W. Norton</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="328690">
                <text>1998</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="328692">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="328693">
                <text>Book Section</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="328697">
                <text>When EMDR is incorporated into a treatment plan, the treatment outcome is primarily determined by the clients' willingness and ability to trust their therapists and face the painful feelings that are limiting their functioning. Each treatment plan has to be carefully designed in order to assist individuals to overcome behavior adaptations based on trauma and assist them to function more adequately in the present. I have found it most effective to educate clients about their trauma history and the adaptations they have to make and enlist them as active participants in the healing process. A collaborative relationship is necessary in order to determine whether clients are willing and able to take the risks necessary to face painful emotions and experiences in order to overcome barriers in their lives. The therapeutic journey discussed in this chapter is inspiring because it illustrates the complexity of such a healing process. "Susan's" story demonstrates that EMDR is a tool that can help clients go back in time and develop those parts of their personalities that could not emerge because of an invalidating environment.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="2">
        <name>Americans</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3495">
        <name>Case Study</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="159">
        <name>Child Abuse</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="14470">
        <name>Life Experiences</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="729">
        <name>Neglect</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="12">
        <name>Psychotherapeutic Processes</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="374">
        <name>Self Concept</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="36">
        <name>Treatment Effectiveness</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="17475" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="462002">
                  <text>EMDR Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="22">
      <name>Book Section</name>
      <description/>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Document #</name>
          <description>emdr_doc_ID</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328742">
              <text>02831</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="117">
          <name>Author(s)</name>
          <description>dc_creator</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328743">
              <text>David C. Manfield</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Year</name>
          <description>emdr_year</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328746">
              <text>1998</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="111">
          <name>Link to Document (e.g. DOI, PDF)</name>
          <description>emdr_title_link</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328748">
              <text>&lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/Extending-EMDR-Casebook-Innovative-Applications/dp/0393702669/"&gt;http://www.amazon.com/Extending-EMDR-Casebook-Innovative-Applications/dp/0393702669/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Link to Source (e.g. Association, Publisher)</name>
          <description>emdr_source_link</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328749">
              <text>www.wwnorton.com/</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="104">
          <name>Subjects</name>
          <description>emdr_subject</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328752">
              <text>Adults, Americans, Anxiety Disorders, Case Report, Defense Mechanisms, Life Experiences, Male, Psychotherapeutic Processes, Self Concept, Survivors, Treatment Effectiveness</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="113">
          <name>Accuracy Verified?</name>
          <description>emdr_accuracy</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328753">
              <text>Yes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Archived</name>
          <description>emdr_archived</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328754">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="116">
          <name>Original Work Citation</name>
          <description>spec_citation</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328756">
              <text>Manfield, D. C. (1998). Treating a highly defended client: Reworking traditional approaches. In P. Manfield (Ed.), &lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/Extending-EMDR-Casebook-Innovative-Applications/dp/0393702669/"&gt;Extending EMDR: A casebook of innovative applications (1st ed.)&lt;/a&gt; (pp. 217-231). New York, NY: W. W. Norton &amp;amp; Co</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="328744">
                <text>Treating a highly defended client: Reworking traditional approaches</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="328745">
                <text>In P. Manfield (Ed.), Extending EMDR: A casebook of innovative applications (1st ed.) (pp. 217-231). New York, NY: W. W. Norton &amp;amp; Co</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="328747">
                <text>1998</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="328750">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="328751">
                <text>Book Section</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="328755">
                <text>Several key points emerge for consideration when treating the highly defended client with EMDR, in particular clients whose primary defenses are distancing ones. The first is to carefully gauge the client's level of functioning, the depth of therapeutic alliance, and the client's perceived sense of safety. These factors determine the appropriateness of EMDR, and presuming that, the style and directiveness of the clinician.Secondly, the use of EMDR with highly defended clients may require a directiveness that exceeds the basic protocol designed by Shapiro. Once the therapeutic alliance has been established, the clinician must balance, while being sensitive to, the client's need for control over the therapeutic process, hopefully avoiding unproductive periods of defensive distancing. This balance and sensitivity, inherent in all effective treatments and psychotherapies, is particularly important when the modality is as potent and emotionally evocative as EMDR can be. The case of William illustrates the risks in a directive approach, such as initiating EMDR too early, promoting a withdrawing or angry transference, or choosing the wrong cognitions. Knowing your client well and securing an effective working alliance is crucial to success.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="2">
        <name>Americans</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="142">
        <name>Anxiety Disorder</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3495">
        <name>Case Study</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3642">
        <name>Defense Mechanisms</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="14470">
        <name>Life Experiences</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="12">
        <name>Psychotherapeutic Processes</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="374">
        <name>Self Concept</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="36">
        <name>Treatment Effectiveness</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="17478" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="462002">
                  <text>EMDR Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="22">
      <name>Book Section</name>
      <description/>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Document #</name>
          <description>emdr_doc_ID</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328787">
              <text>02834</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="117">
          <name>Author(s)</name>
          <description>dc_creator</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328788">
              <text>&lt;div style="text-align:left;"&gt;Jim Knipe&lt;/div&gt;</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Year</name>
          <description>emdr_year</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328791">
              <text>1998</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="111">
          <name>Link to Document (e.g. DOI, PDF)</name>
          <description>emdr_title_link</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328793">
              <text>&lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/Extending-EMDR-Casebook-Innovative-Applications/dp/0393702669/"&gt;http://www.amazon.com/Extending-EMDR-Casebook-Innovative-Applications/dp/0393702669/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Link to Source (e.g. Association, Publisher)</name>
          <description>emdr_source_link</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328794">
              <text>www.wwnorton.com/</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="104">
          <name>Subjects</name>
          <description>emdr_subject</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328797">
              <text>Adults, Americans, Case Report, Defense Mechanisms, Life Experiences, Males, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, Self Concept, Survivors, Treatment Effectiveness</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="113">
          <name>Accuracy Verified?</name>
          <description>emdr_accuracy</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328798">
              <text>Yes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Archived</name>
          <description>emdr_archived</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328799">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="116">
          <name>Original Work Citation</name>
          <description>spec_citation</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="328801">
              <text>Knipe, J. (1998). It was a golden time...: Treating narcissistic vulnerability. In P. Manfield (Ed.), &lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/Extending-EMDR-Casebook-Innovative-Applications/dp/0393702669/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1253707632&amp;amp;sr=1-1"&gt;Extending EMDR: A casebook of innovative applications (1st ed.)&lt;/a&gt; (pp. 232-255). New York, NY: W. W. Norton &amp;amp; Co</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="328789">
                <text>It was a golden time...: Treating narcissistic vulnerability</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="328790">
                <text>In P. Manfield (Ed.), Extending EMDR: A casebook of innovative applications (1st ed.) (pp. 232-255). New York, NY: W. W. Norton &amp;amp; Co</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="328792">
                <text>1998</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="328795">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="328796">
                <text>Book Section</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="328800">
                <text>This chapter focuses on EMDR-enhanced therapeutic protocols to treat individuals whose painful life experience is separated from consciousness by complex defensive structures, particularly those associated with narcissistic and avoidance defenses.In many of the clients I have worked with, the healing power of EMDR is prevented or impaired by unresolved positive feelings that block the client's full awareness of the negative experience associated with trauma. This can occur when the overall complex of posttraumatic images, self-defeating cognitions, unpleasant feelings and sensations (what Francine Shapiro calls the unprocessed "memory network") contains embedded strong positive affect that is highly valued by the client. In the case of a person with narcissistic defenses, the positive material may block awareness of negative memories, especially if the positive experience occurred in the larger context of trauma and neglect. In such instances the positive part of the experience is idealized through selective memory and strengthened in intensity, because it serves as a defense against the core PTSD. The negative part of the memory is partially or wholly dissociated and is thus less accessible to processing.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="2">
        <name>Americans</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3495">
        <name>Case Study</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3642">
        <name>Defense Mechanisms</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3489">
        <name>Life Experience</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="11">
        <name>Posttraumatic Stress Disorder</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="13">
        <name>PTSD</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="374">
        <name>Self Concept</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="36">
        <name>Treatment Effectiveness</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="17589" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="462002">
                  <text>EMDR Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="23">
      <name>Dissertation/Thesis</name>
      <description/>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Document #</name>
          <description>emdr_doc_ID</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="330403">
              <text>03009</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="117">
          <name>Author(s)</name>
          <description>dc_creator</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="330404">
              <text>Gerald L. Alatalo</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Year</name>
          <description>emdr_year</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="330407">
              <text>1995</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Link to Source (e.g. Association, Publisher)</name>
          <description>emdr_source_link</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="330409">
              <text>spalding.edu/</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="104">
          <name>Subjects</name>
          <description>emdr_subject</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="330412">
              <text>Americans,  Avoidance, Cognitive Impairment, Empirical Study, Intrusive Thoughts, Longitudinal Study,  Self Concept, Stressors, Survivors, Treatment Effectiveness, Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="113">
          <name>Accuracy Verified?</name>
          <description>emdr_accuracy</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="330413">
              <text>Yes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Archived</name>
          <description>emdr_archived</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="330414">
              <text>Yes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="116">
          <name>Original Work Citation</name>
          <description>spec_citation</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="330416">
              <text>Alatalo, G. L. (1995, September). &lt;a href="https://www.proquest.com/openview/99878721290967ac4025fcea2a7345d2/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;amp;cbl=18750&amp;amp;diss=y"&gt;Eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing: A new treatment for trauma.&lt;/a&gt; (Doctoral disseration, Spalding University)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="111">
          <name>Link to Document (e.g. DOI, PDF)</name>
          <description>emdr_title_link</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="456268">
              <text>&lt;a href="https://www.proquest.com/openview/99878721290967ac4025fcea2a7345d2/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;amp;cbl=18750&amp;amp;diss=y"&gt;https://www.proquest.com/openview/99878721290967ac4025fcea2a7345d2/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;amp;cbl=18750&amp;amp;diss=y&lt;/a&gt;</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="330405">
                <text>Eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing: A new treatment for trauma</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="330406">
                <text>(Doctoral disseration, Spalding University)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="330408">
                <text>1995, September</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="330410">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="330411">
                <text>Dissertation/Thesis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="330415">
                <text>Eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been hailed as a new experimental treatment for survivors of trauma that can provide rapid relief from the debilitating symptoms associated with PTSD. EMDR's efficacy reportedly stems from the use of eye-movements that are postulated to stimulate physiological changes in brain activity to produce cognitive restructuring and desensitization of emotional discomfort. This novel procedure has become more prominent with reported benefits for an increasing range of clinical applications. Since there is minimal controlled research, especially in a civilian population, on psychological methods to treat the ill effects of trauma and because EMDR has limited empirical support, further controlled investigation was warranted to supplement this limited body of scientific knowledge.Consequently, the specific goals of this controlled study were to evaluate (1) the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of civilian trauma survivors, (2) whether or not eye-movements are instrumental to the therapeutic process, and (3) the treatment impact on intrusive and avoidant symptoms. It was hypothesized that (1) an EMDR treatment group would demonstrate greater efficacy when compared to an Alternative group which followed the same treatment protocol except for the substitution of deep breathing for the eye-movements, (2) both the EMDR and Alternative treatments would show significant improvement over a Control group, and (3) there would be similar changes in intrusive and avoidant symptoms. Findings at two month follow-up indicated the EMDR group had significant reductions in intrusive/avoidant symptoms (using the Impact of Event Scale), decreased emotional discomfort related to traumatic memories (rated by Subjective Units of Distress), and improvements in positive self-evaluations (measured by the Validity of Cognition Scale). There were similar results in the Alternative group with the exception of no significant improvement in self-evaluation. This latter finding provides some support for the hypothesis that eye-movements facilitate a cognitive restructuring. Comparisons between the EMDR and Alternative treatments, however, found no significant differences on any of the dependent measures. That is, both treatments appeared to produce comparable positive results which implied eye-movements were no more effective than deep breathing. In addition, both treatments were found to be more effective in easing intrusive symptoms. Other similarities included observable relaxation reactions in both treatments. These overall findings imply a similar change mechanism. Therefore, the efficacy of EMDR may stem more from reciprocal inhibition rather than a cognitive restructuring induced by the eye-movements. If this is valid, then EMDR may be a variant of systematic desensitization.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="2">
        <name>Americans</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="21">
        <name>Avoidance</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="11782">
        <name>Clinical Trial</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3788">
        <name>Cognitive Impairment</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="123">
        <name>Empirical Study</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="273">
        <name>Intrusive Thought</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="329">
        <name>Longitudinal Study</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="374">
        <name>Self Concept</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="36">
        <name>Treatment Effectiveness</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="192">
        <name>Treatment Outcome</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
