EMDR u lečenju posttraumatskog stresnog poremećaja kod ratnih zarobljenikaEMDR in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in prisoners of war
Description
Sažetak Iskustvo zatvaranja i izloženosti psihofizičkoj torturi predstavlja stres najvišeg intenziteta, koji u velikom procentu dovodi do posttraumatskog stresnog poremećaja (PTSP), i ima tendenciju hronifikacije. U okviru programa pomoći žrtvama torture u Centru za rehabilitaciju žrtava torture -IAN Beograd primenjujemo kognitivno bihejvioralnu metodu desenzitizacije i reprocesiranja brzim pokretima očiju (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing – EMDR), koja se pokazala uspešnom u lečenju i predstavlja deo integrativne terapijske procedure. U radu je izložen teorijski koncept ovog metoda uz neke specifičnosti rada sa žrtvama torture kao i prikaz slučaja. UVOD Metoda desenzitizacije i reprocesiranja pokretima očiju -EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) Godine 1987. je otkrivena, a 1989. promovisana nova psihoterapijska tehnika desenzitizacije brzim pokretima očiju (Shapiro, 1989). Ova, u osnovi bihejvioralna tehnika, a kasnije, uvođenjem kognitivnog reprocesiranja, i bihejvioralno-kognitivni metod zasnovan je na principu metoda recipročne inhibicije (posebno sistematske desenzitizacije i skrivene desenzitizacije -"imaginal flooding"). Ona inkorporira is-kustvo i drugih terapijskih modaliteta: psihodinamski (rano iskustvo i sadržaj snova), značaj telesnih senzacija (na telo orijentisana terapija), osnaženja klijenta (na klijenta centrirana terapija) kao i sistemski pristup do konačne integracije efekata terapije (interaktivna terapija) (Shapiro & Forest, 1997: Shapiro, 2000). EMDR je, uprkos velikom broju studija i istraživanja, još uvek kontroverzna metoda. Od kada je otkrivena do danas je u svetu edukovano više od 25 000 kliničara i oni su, zahvaljući svesnosti empirijske efikasnosti i brzine delovanja na simptome posttraumatskog stresnog poremećaja (PTSP) (Perkins & Rouanzoin, 2002), vrlo često postali nekritični zagovornici ove metode. Sa druge strane, najveće zamerke protivnika metode dolaze zbog pseudonaučnih objašnjenja načina delovanja, precenjivanja značaja pokreta očiju, nepotpunih i često metodološki neutemeljenih istraživanja, neselektivnog korišćenja metode u velikom broju psihijatrijskih poremećaja i komercijalizacije metode (Herbert et all., 2000).
The experience of confinement and exposure to psychophysical torture is the highest intensity stress, which in a large percentage leads to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and has a tendency to become chronic. Within the program of assistance to victims of torture in the Center for Rehabilitation of Victims of Torture -IAN Belgrade, we apply the cognitive behavioral method of desensitization and reprocessing with rapid eye movements (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing - EMDR), which proved successful in treatment and is part of integrative therapy. The paper presents the theoretical concept of this method with some specifics of working with victims of torture as well as a case report. INTRODUCTION Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMD) In 1987, a new psychotherapeutic technique of rapid eye movement desensitization was discovered and promoted in 1989 (Shapiro, 1989). This, basically behavioral technique, and later, with the introduction of cognitive reprocessing, and the behavioral-cognitive method is based on the principle of reciprocal inhibition (especially systematic desensitization and hidden desensitization - "imaginal flooding"). It incorporates the experience of other therapeutic modalities: psychodynamic (early experience and dream content), the importance of bodily sensations (body-oriented therapy), client empowerment (client-centered therapy) and a systematic approach to the final integration of therapy effects (interactive therapy). (Shapiro & Forest, 1997: Shapiro, 2000). EMDR is, despite a large number of studies and research, still a controversial method. Since its discovery, more than 25,000 clinicians have been educated worldwide and, thanks to their awareness of the empirical efficacy and speed of action on the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Perkins & Rouanzoin, 2002), have often become uncritical proponents of this method. On the other hand, the biggest objections of opponents of the method are due to pseudo-scientific explanations of the way it works, overestimation of the importance of eye movements, incomplete and often methodologically unfounded research, indiscriminate use of the method in many psychiatric disorders and commercialization of the method (Herbert et al., 2000).
The experience of confinement and exposure to psychophysical torture is the highest intensity stress, which in a large percentage leads to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and has a tendency to become chronic. Within the program of assistance to victims of torture in the Center for Rehabilitation of Victims of Torture -IAN Belgrade, we apply the cognitive behavioral method of desensitization and reprocessing with rapid eye movements (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing - EMDR), which proved successful in treatment and is part of integrative therapy. The paper presents the theoretical concept of this method with some specifics of working with victims of torture as well as a case report. INTRODUCTION Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMD) In 1987, a new psychotherapeutic technique of rapid eye movement desensitization was discovered and promoted in 1989 (Shapiro, 1989). This, basically behavioral technique, and later, with the introduction of cognitive reprocessing, and the behavioral-cognitive method is based on the principle of reciprocal inhibition (especially systematic desensitization and hidden desensitization - "imaginal flooding"). It incorporates the experience of other therapeutic modalities: psychodynamic (early experience and dream content), the importance of bodily sensations (body-oriented therapy), client empowerment (client-centered therapy) and a systematic approach to the final integration of therapy effects (interactive therapy). (Shapiro & Forest, 1997: Shapiro, 2000). EMDR is, despite a large number of studies and research, still a controversial method. Since its discovery, more than 25,000 clinicians have been educated worldwide and, thanks to their awareness of the empirical efficacy and speed of action on the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Perkins & Rouanzoin, 2002), have often become uncritical proponents of this method. On the other hand, the biggest objections of opponents of the method are due to pseudo-scientific explanations of the way it works, overestimation of the importance of eye movements, incomplete and often methodologically unfounded research, indiscriminate use of the method in many psychiatric disorders and commercialization of the method (Herbert et al., 2000).
Format
Book Section
Language
Bosnian
Original Work Citation
Ilic, Z. (2004). [EMDR in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in prisoners of war]. In Špirić Ž., Knežević G., Jović V., & Opačić G. [Eds.] Tortura u ratu, posledice i rehabilitacija. Jugoslovensko iskustvo (pp. 267-277) Beograd: Centar za rehabilitaciju žrtava torture International Aid Network. Bosnian
Citation
“EMDR u lečenju posttraumatskog stresnog poremećaja kod ratnih zarobljenikaEMDR in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in prisoners of war,” Francine Shapiro Library, accessed May 11, 2024, https://francineshapirolibrary.omeka.net/items/show/27252.