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  • Tags: Biopsychosocial Models

The inclusion of the diagnostic category Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in both the American and the international diagnostic systems, and the definition of the ‘exceptional stressor’ has probably contributed to the recent boom in…

Previous research has indicated that individuals with chronic pain who exhibit adaptive coping mechanisms are more likely to manage their pain effectively. If they experienced little success with pain management in the past, they are not likely to…
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