L’ajustement du thérapeute : ce que nous apprend l’étude des objets discursifs dans les phases 3 et 4 du protocole de la psychothérapie EMDR The therapist's adjustment: what we learn from the study of discursive objects in phases 3 and 4 of the EMDR psychotherapy protocol

Si l’efficacité des psychothérapies semble maintenant faire consensus, la recherche vient aujourd’hui interroger directement le processus psychothérapeutique. Notre travail s’inscrit dans cette démarche et se fonde sur l’étude de l’interaction verbale issue d’une psychothérapie émergente, la psychothérapie EMDR, Eyes Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. La traduction française est désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires. Ce dispositif thérapeutique s’avère prometteur dans le champ du soin psychique, et est principalement identifié parmi les pratiques psychothérapeutiques comme étant celle où le thérapeute exerce une action physique sur son patient et ce, au moyen de stimulations bilatérales alternées (notamment par le biais de mouvements oculaires). L’EMDR bénéficie dans le champ de la recherche majoritairement d’études s’intéressant aux effets physiologiques en lien principalement avec les mouvements des yeux pendant le traitement. Or, en vertu du fait que l’EMDR s’agence aussi autour d’un protocole verbal, nous nous inscrivons dans le champ des études qui considèrent que la psychothérapie est avant tout un « événement de parole » (Labov et Fanshel, 1977). Ainsi, en nous appuyant sur l’étude du langage, à la fois tel qu’il est prévu par le protocole et tel qu’il est dispensé par le thérapeute en séance, nous venons compléter ces travaux en nous plaçant à un niveau de description clinique, à hauteur du sujet. Dans une première partie, nous nous situons sur le plan théorique, nous éclairons les phases 3 et 4, prototypes du protocole EMDR à la lumière de théories issues du champ de la pragmatique mais aussi à la lumière des théories issues de la psychanalyse. Dans une seconde partie de recherche empirique, nous examinons un corpus constitué de trois suivis psychothérapeutiques filmés et retranscrits. En nous inscrivant dans le réel de la pratique telle qu’elle se donne à entendre, nous mettons en œuvre une méthodologie d’analyse exploratoire et qualitative issue du paradigme de la pragmatique. Pour ce faire, nous nous référons aux travaux menés au sein de l’analyse linguistico-pragmatique des interventions du thérapeute et de la Logique Interlocutoire. Nous dégageons certaines caractéristiques de la matrice langagière qui viennent souligner son importance, son rôle et ses effets dans l’instauration d’un processus de changement qui apparaît bénéfique pour le patient.

If there now seems to be a consensus on the effectiveness of psychotherapies, research is now directly questioning the psychotherapeutic process. Our work is part of this approach and is based on the study of verbal interaction resulting from an emerging psychotherapy, EMDR psychotherapy, Eyes Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. The French translation is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. This therapeutic device proves promising in the field of psychological care, and is mainly identified among psychotherapeutic practices as those where the therapist exerts physical action on his patient, by means of alternating bilateral stimulations (notably through eye movements). EMDR benefits in the field of research mainly from studies focusing on physiological effects mainly linked to eye movements during treatment. However, due to the fact that EMDR is also structured around a verbal protocol, we are part of the field of studies which consider that psychotherapy is above all a “speech event” (Labov and Fanshel, 1977). . Thus, by relying on the study of language, both as it is planned by the protocol and as it is provided by the therapist in session, we complete this work by placing ourselves at a level of description clinical, up to the subject. In a first part, we place ourselves on the theoretical level, we shed light on phases 3 and 4, prototypes of the EMDR protocol in the light of theories from the field of pragmatics but also in the light of theories from psychoanalysis. In a second part of empirical research, we examine a corpus made up of three filmed and transcribed psychotherapeutic follow-ups. By placing ourselves in the reality of practice as it is expressed, we implement an exploratory and qualitative analysis methodology derived from the paradigm of pragmatics. To do this, we refer to the work carried out within the linguistic-pragmatic analysis of the therapist's interventions and Interlocutory Logic. We identify certain characteristics of the language matrix which underline its importance, its role and its effects in the establishment of a process of change which appears beneficial for the patient. If there now seems to be a consensus on the effectiveness of psychotherapies, research is now directly questioning the psychotherapeutic process. Our work is part of this approach and is based on the study of verbal interaction resulting from an emerging psychotherapy, EMDR psychotherapy, Eyes Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. The French translation is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. This therapeutic device proves promising in the field of psychological care, and is mainly identified among psychotherapeutic practices as those where the therapist exerts physical action on his patient, by means of alternating bilateral stimulations (notably through eye movements). EMDR benefits in the field of research mainly from studies focusing on physiological effects mainly linked to eye movements during treatment. However, due to the fact that EMDR is also structured around a verbal protocol, we are part of the field of studies which consider that psychotherapy is above all a “speech event” (Labov and Fanshel, 1977). . Thus, by relying on the study of language, both as it is planned by the protocol and as it is provided by the therapist in session, we complete this work by placing ourselves at a level of description clinical, up to the subject. In a first part, we place ourselves on the theoretical level, we shed light on phases 3 and 4, prototypes of the EMDR protocol in the light of theories from the field of pragmatics but also in the light of theories from psychoanalysis. In a second part of empirical research, we examine a corpus made up of three filmed and transcribed psychotherapeutic follow-ups. By placing ourselves in the reality of practice as it is expressed, we implement an exploratory and qualitative analysis methodology derived from the paradigm of pragmatics. To do this, we refer to the work carried out within the linguistic-pragmatic analysis of the therapist's interventions and Interlocutory Logic. We identify certain characteristics of the language matrix which underline its importance, its role and its effects in the establishment of a process of change which appears beneficial for the patient. If there now seems to be a consensus on the effectiveness of psychotherapies, research is now directly questioning the psychotherapeutic process. Our work is part of this approach and is based on the study of verbal interaction resulting from an emerging psychotherapy, EMDR psychotherapy, Eyes Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. The French translation is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. This therapeutic device proves promising in the field of psychological care, and is mainly identified among psychotherapeutic practices as those where the therapist exerts physical action on his patient, by means of alternating bilateral stimulations (notably through eye movements). EMDR benefits in the field of research mainly from studies focusing on physiological effects mainly linked to eye movements during treatment. However, due to the fact that EMDR is also structured around a verbal protocol, we are part of the field of studies which consider that psychotherapy is above all a “speech event” (Labov and Fanshel, 1977). . Thus, by relying on the study of language, both as it is planned by the protocol and as it is provided by the therapist in session, we complete this work by placing ourselves at a level of description clinical, up to the subject. In a first part, we place ourselves on the theoretical level, we shed light on phases 3 and 4, prototypes of the EMDR protocol in the light of theories from the field of pragmatics but also in the light of theories from psychoanalysis. In a second part of empirical research, we examine a corpus made up of three filmed and transcribed psychotherapeutic follow-ups. By placing ourselves in the reality of practice as it is expressed, we implement an exploratory and qualitative analysis methodology derived from the paradigm of pragmatics. To do this, we refer to the work carried out within the linguistic-pragmatic analysis of the therapist's interventions and Interlocutory Logic. We identify certain characteristics of the language matrix which underline its importance, its role and its effects in the establishment of a process of change which appears beneficial for the patient.

Dissertation/Thesis

French

Nathalie Steffens

Steffens, N. (2017). [The therapist's adjustment: what we learn from the study of discursive objects in phases 3 and 4 of the EMDR psychotherapy protocol]. (Doctoral thesis, University of Lorraine). French