Browse Items · Francine Shapiro Library

Occupational therapist perceptions of how eye movement therapy supports working memory in children diagnised with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Previous research reports that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show a deficit in their working memory. Working memory is the ability to temporarily manipulate, store, and retrieve information during cognitive tasks.…

Tags: ADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Cognitive Memory, Eye Movements, Working Memory

Digital EMDR: Using adaptive algorithms in digital trauma therapy to improve desensitization of traumatic memories in university students

BackgroundEye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is commonly used in PTSD treatment to degrade traumatic memories by recalling the memory and simultaneously taxing one’s working memory (WM). It is unclear how intensely WM should be…

Tags: Algorithm, Desensitization, Digital, Mixed Design, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, Traumatic Memories, Working Memory

Digital EMDR: Using adaptive algorithms in digital trauma therapy to improve desensitization of traumatic memories in university students

BackgroundEye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is commonly used in PTSD treatment to degrade traumatic memories by recalling the memory and simultaneously taxing one’s working memory (WM). It is unclear how intensely WM should be…

Tags: Algorithm, Desensitization, Digital, Mixed Design, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, Traumatic Memories, Working Memory

Can working memory account For EMDR efficacy in PTSD?

Although eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of PTSD for years, it remains highly controversial due to the lack of understanding of its mechanisms of action. We examined whether the…

Tags: Bilateral Stimulation, Dual Taxation, Eye Movements, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, Working Memory

Verbal suggestions fail to modulate expectations about the effectiveness of a laboratory model of EMDR therapy: Results of two preregistered studies

Background and ObjectivesFor many psychotherapies, like Eye Movement and Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, there is an ongoing discussion about the role of specific versus non-specific mechanisms in their effectiveness However,…

Tags: Expectation, Memory Degradation, Non-Specific Factor, Working Memory

The effects of dual-tasks on intrusive memories following analogue trauma

Patients with post-traumatic stress disorder frequently and involuntarily experience intrusions, which are strongly linked to the trauma hotspot. Voluntary memory characteristics (i.e., vividness and unpleasantness) of this hotspot can be reduced by…

Tags: Dual Task, Intrusive Memory, Involuntary Memory, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, Trauma Film Paradigm, Voluntary Memory, Working Memory

On EMDR: Measuring the working memory taxation of various types of eye (non-)movement conditions

Background and objective:A recent large randomized controlled trial employing different forms of eye (non-)movements in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) showed that fixating eyes on a therapist's moving or non-moving hand led to…

Tags: Cognitive Load, Divided Attention, Working Memory

Dose response and working memory limit in an eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing prospective case series

Background: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychological therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder, or any disorder where the patient reports distressing imagery. We report here a prospective case series to test the…

Tags: Clinical Decision, S Even, Working Memory

Het werkgeheugen en EMDR: Het ophalen van een herinnering taxeert het werkgeheugenWorking memory and EMDR: Retrieving a reminder values working memory

Tags: Working Memory

The effect of bilateral eye-movements versus no eye-movements on sexual fantasies

Background and Objectives: Bilateral eye-movements (EMs) and visual mental imagery both require working memory resources. When performed together, they compete for these resources, which can cause various forms of mental imagery to become impaired…

Tags: Eye Movements, Fantasies, Mental Imagery, Working Memory

Eye movement attenuation of intrusive social anxiety imagery: A pilot study

Background and objectives: A growing body of research has shown that negative, intrusive mental imagery plays a prevalent and causal role in social anxiety, and is qualitatively different to voluntarily generated imagery. Negative imagery can be…

Tags: Eye Movements, Intrusive Image, Mental Imagery, Social Anxiety, Working Memory

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and slow wave sleep: A putative mechanism of action

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is considered highly efﬁcacious for the treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and has proved to be a valid treatment approach with a wide range of applications. However, EMDR’s mechanisms of…

Tags: Eye Movements, Mechanism of Action, Orienting Response, REM, Sleep, Slow Sleep Wave, Working Memory

Auditory and visual memories in PTSD patients targeted with eye movements and counting: The effect of modality-specific loading of working memory

Introduction: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is an evidence-based treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A key element of this therapy is simultaneously recalling an emotionally disturbing memory and…

Tags: Auditory Memory, Eye Movements, Modality-Specific Loading, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, Visual Memories, Working Memory

Use of the flash technique in EMDR therapy: Four case examples

This article introduces the flash technique, a new technique used during the preparation phase of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy to facilitate processing of intense, traumatic memories that clients might otherwise be…

Tags: Flash Technique, Memory Reconsolidation, Subliminal, Trauma, Working Memory

Assessing the 24-hour effect of EMDR: An analogue study

Background: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an efficacious treatment for PTSD. The intervention involves patients recalling traumatic memories while making horizontal eye movements (EM). To date, the long term effects of eye…

Tags: Analogue Study, Autobiographical Memory, Dual Task, Emotionality, Vividness, Working Memory

EMDR: Examining the possible 24 hour long-term effect of eye movements with negative psychical and psychological integrity life events as a potential predictor

An effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). The explanation of the efficacy is captured in the working memory (WM) theory. Both eye movements (EM) and recalling an aversive memory…

Tags: Aversion Therapy, Dual Task, Eye Movements, Physical Integrity, Psychological Integrity, Subjective Units of Distress, Unpleasantness, Vividness, Working Memory

EMDR therapy reduces intense treatment-resistant cravings in a case of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid addiction

This article presents the first experiences of using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy to aid in the treatment of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) dependency. A case presented itself as a result of intense,…

Tags: Addiction, Craving, Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid, GHB, Treatment Resistance, Working Memory

Degrading traumatic memories with eye movements: A pilot functional

Background: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). During EMDR, the patient recalls traumatic memories while making eye movements (EMs). Making EMs during recall is…

Tags: Amygdala, Eye Movements, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, Script Driven Imagery, SDI, Working Memory

Comparisons of eye movements and matched changing visual input

Background and Objectives During EMDR trauma therapy, performing EM taxes WM, and simultaneously recalled memories become less vivid. It has been proposed that this WM occupation results from CVI which occurs during EM. This study sought to compare…

Tags: Changing Visual Input, Eye Movements, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, Reaction Time, Visuospatial Sketchpad, Working Memory

Blurring emotional memories using eye movements: Individual differences and speed of eye movements

Background: In eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), patients make eye movements (EM) while recalling traumatic memories. Making EM taxes working memory (WM), which leaves less resources available for imagery of the memory. This…

Tags: Dual Taxation, Visual Imagery, Working Memory

The effects of eye movements on emotional memories: Using an objective measure of cognitive load

Background: Eyemovement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. The workingmemory (WM) theory explains its efficacy: recall of an aversivememory and making eye movements (EM) both produce…

Tags: Autobiographical Memory, Cognitive Load, Dual Task, Reaction Times, Working Memory

Fifteen to twenty seconds of eye movements have no effect on believability of positive personal verbal statements: Results from a working memory study

According to working memory theory, a task that taxes working memory during simultaneous focus on a memory will tend to reduce memory vividness and emotional intensity. Results have been found for both negative and positive memories. Some studies…

Tags: Eye Movements, Modality, Positive Verbal Material, Positve Closure, Specific Taxing, Verbal Imagery, Working Memory

Traumaverwerking bij kamelenTrauma recovery in camels

Het heeft er alle schijn van dat ook getraumatiseerde kamelen van hun trauma’s kunnen worden bevrijd door middel van werkgeheugenbelasting, nadat het traumanetwerk is geactiveerd. In de Mongoolse documentaire The Story of the Weeping Camel wordt dit…

Tags: Weeping Camel, Working Memory

Negative mental imagery in public speaking anxiety: Forming cognitive resistance by taxing visuospatial working memory

Background and Objectives: This study sought to reconcile two lines of research. Previous studies have identified a prevalent and causal role of negative imagery in social phobia and public speaking anxiety; others have demonstrated that lateral eye…

Tags: Eye Movements, Imagery, Public Speaking, Social Anxiety, Working Memory

Breathing biofeedback as an adjunct to exposure in cognitive behavioral therapy hastens the reduction of PTSD symptoms: A pilot study

Although trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) with exposure is an effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), not all patients recover. Addition of breathing biofeedback to exposure in TF-CBT is suggested as a…

Tags: Breathing Biofeedback, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, TF-CBT, Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Working Memory

A multi-site randomized study to compare the effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) added to TAU versus TAU to reduce craving and drinking behavior in alcohol dependent outpatients: Study protocol

Background: Addiction constitutes a major public health problem, and despite treatment, relapse rates remain very high. Preliminary findings suggest that Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), an evidence-based treatment for PTSD, may…

Tags: Addiction, Alcohol, Craving, Randomized Controlled Trial, RCT, Study Protocol, Working Memory

鮮やかさ、情動と自伝的記憶の想起に眼球運動の影響Effects of eye movements on vividness, emotionality and recall of autobiographical memory

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Tags: Emotionailty, Eye Movements, Interhemispheric Interaction, Vividness, Working Memory

眼球運動が記憶想起に与える影響についての実験研究 Experimental studies on effects of eye movements on memory retrieval

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Tags: Distancing, Interhemispheric Interaction, Investigatory Reflex, Working Memory

How eye movements in EMDR work: Changes in memory vividness and emotionality

Background and Objectives: Eye movements (EM) during recall of an aversive memory is a treatment element unique to Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Experimental studies have shown that EM reduce memory vividness and/or…

Tags: Emotionality, Eye Movements, Vividness, Working Memory

Cessez l'utilisation des mouvements oculaires dans le Développement et installation des ressources jusqu'à ce que leur valeur ajoutée soit prouvé: Réplique à Leeds et Korn (2012) Stop the use of eye movements in resource development and installation, until their additional value has been proven: A rejoinder to Leeds and Korn (2012)

Ce bref article répond au commentaire de Leeds et Korn (2012) sur notre article (Hornsveld et al., 2011) dans lequel nous avons montré que les mouvements oculaires (MO) au cours du rappel de souvenirs autobiographiques positifs et riches en…

Tags: Clinical Impression, RDI, Resource Development and Installation, Safe Place, Working Memory

Un commentaire sur Hornsveld et al. (2011): Un test valide du développement et installation des ressources? Absolument pas A commentary on Hornsveld et al. (2011): A valid test of resource development and installation? Absolutely not

Les chercheurs ont publié des preuves qui soutiennent tant l'hypothèse de “mémoire de travail” que celle des “MOR/réponse d'orientation” pour décrire les mécanismes sous-jacents aux effets thérapeutiques documentés de l'EMDR sur des patients atteints…

Tags: RDI, REM/Orienting Response, Resource Development and Installation, Working Memory

Comparaison de tâches concurrentes, auditives ou visuelles, pour réduire la détresse et la clarté de souvenirs autobiographiques déplaisants A comparison of visual versus auditory concurrent tasks on reducing the distress and vividness of aversive autobiographical memories

Cette étude examine les avantages de mouvements oculaires similaires à ceux utilisés dans la désensibilisation et le retraitement par les mouvements oculaires (EMDR) pour réduire la clarté et la charge émotionnelle des souvenirs autobiographiques…

Tags: Autobiographical Memory, Eye Movements, Method of Counting, Working Memory

No effects of eye movements on the encoding of the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop in healthy participants: possible implications for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy

A hypothesized mechanism of action of EMDR is an overload of the working memory.•“Corsi Cubes” and “Digits” were used to test this hypothesis in 50 healthy subjects.•Eye movements did not improve the immediate auditory and visual consolidation…

Tags: Experiment, Eye Movements, Immediate Recall, Working Memory

EMDR-werkingsmechanismen EMDR working mechanisms

Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing turns out to be an effective therapy for the treatment of PTSD. This article reviews the neurobiological models that are proposed and defended to explain its success. The author presents a reasoned…

Tags: Neurobiology, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, Working Memory

The impact of eye movements and tones on disturbing memories involving PTSD and other mental disorders

Background: A wide array of experimental studies are supportive of a working memory explanation for the effects of eye movements in EMDR therapy. The working memory account predicts that, as a consequence of competition in working memory, traumatic…

Tags: Eye Movements, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, Traumatic Memories, Working Memory

The working mechanism of eye movements: Dual-tasking or task switching?

Tags: Eye Movements, Task Switching, Working Memory

EMDR: Werkgeheugenbelasting bij negatief-emotionele herinneringen EMDR: Working memory load on negative emotional memories

Eye Movement Deprocessing and Recall (EMDR) is een therapievorm waarbij met het maken van oogbewegingen getracht wordt traumatische herinneringen te verwerken. Hoewel effectief, is de werking van EMDR nog onduidelijk. Uit eerder onderzoek is gebleken…

Tags: Working Memory

Stop the use of eye movements in resource development and installation, until their additional value has been proven: A rejoinder to Leeds and Korn (2012)

This brief article responds to Leeds and Korn's (2012) commentary on our article (Hornsveld et al., 2011) in which we found that eye movements (EMs) during recall of positive and resourceful autobiographic memories (such as those used in resource…

Tags: Clinical Impression, RDI, Resource Development and Installation, Safe Place, Working Memory

A commentary on Hornsveld et al. (2011): A valid test of resource development and installation? Absolutely not

Researchers have published evidence supporting both the “working memory“ and the “REM/Orienting Response“ hypotheses as mechanisms underlying the documented treatment effects of EMDR on patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Hornsveld et al.…

Tags: RDI, REM/Orienting Response, Resource Development and Installation, Working Memory

The contribution of emotion to the effects of EMDR

Background and objectives: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective therapy in reducing the impact of emotional autobiographical memories, in particular trauma memories. Effects of EMDR have been reproduced under…

Tags: Autobiographical Memory, Consolidation, Emotion, Negative Memory, Neutral Memory, Reconsolidation, Vividness, Working Memory

EMDR: Oogbewegingen of een andere duale taak? EMDR: Eye movements or any other dual task?

Naar aanleiding van alle nieuwe onderzoeksresultaten over EMDR en de rol van het werkgeheugen (zie referentielijst), hebben de Nederlandse EMDR trainers (i.o.) zich gebogen over de consequenties van deze resultaten voor de praktijk. Ze zijn daarbij…

Tags: Dual Attention, Eye Movements, Working Memory

Effectiviteit van oogbewegingen, klikjes en geen dubbeltaak bij EMDR in een klinische steekproef Effectiveness of eye movements, clicks and no double task of EMDR in a clinical sample

Een werkgeheugen rekening van Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is op grote schaal ondersteund door laboratoriumonderzoek. Taken die belasting werkgeheugen voldoende Het een traumatische gebeurtenis herinneren terwijl het…

Tags: Eye Movements, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, Working Memory

A word tracking task as an alternative to horizontal eye movements in the reduction of vividness and emotionality of aversive memories in EMDR

When treating a patient with PTSD, therapists often use eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). In EMDR patients make horizontal eye movements (HEM) while the image of a traumatic memory is recalled. Various studies showed that making…

Tags: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, Working Memory

A working memory explanation for the effects of EMs in EMDR

Research has consistently demonstrated that performance is degraded when participants engage in two simultaneous tasks that require the same working memory resources. This study tested predictions from working memory theory to investigate the effects…

Tags: EMs, Eye Movements, Working Memory

Taxing working memory reduces vividness and emotionality of images about the Queen's Day tragedy

Tags: Poster, Queen's Day Tragedy, Working Memory

De invloed van oogbewegingen en klikjes op de naarheid en levendigheid van negatieve herinneringen The influence of eye movements and clicks into the nature and vibrancy of negative memories

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a widely applied therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this therapy patients make eye movements while recalling traumatic memories. It is suggested that EMDR taxes working memory…

Tags: Intrusive Memory, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, Startle Reflex, Working Memory

Taxing of the working memory and the accessibility of memories

Most laboratory studies concerning eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) have focused on investigating how EMDR reduces the vividness and emotionality of memories. There has however been less focus on what occurs to the accessibility…

Tags: Fading In, Fading Out, Memory Accessibility, Traumatic Image, Working Memory, Working Memory Taxation

Het effect van oogbewegingen, klikjes en geen dubbeltaak op de emotionaliteit en levendigheid van een herinnering in EMDR in de klinische praktijkThe effect of eye movements, clicks and no double task on the emotionality and vividness of a memory in EMDR in clinical practice

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is één van de behandelingen van keuze voor posttraumatische stress stoornis (PTSS). Hoewel in ongeveer de helft van de EMDR behandelingen gebruik wordt gemaakt van klikjes is er slechts weinig…

Tags: Beeps, Emotionality, No Dual Task, Vividness, Working Memory

A comparison of visual versus auditory concurrent tasks on reducing the distress and vividness of aversive autobiographical memories

This study investigated the benefits of eye movement similar to that used in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on reducing the vividness and emotionality of negative autobiographical memories. It was hypothesized, based on the…

Tags: Autobiographical Memory, Counting Method, Eye Movements, Vividness, Working Memory

More support for the working memory hypothesis: Results and clinical implications

Eye movements (EMs) during retrieval of negative memories reduce the vividness and emotionality of these memories when they are being recalled later. This is a robust phenomenon and is the basis of the EMDR method. Of the many explanations that have…

Tags: Working Memory

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